The Chemical Basis of Life Flashcards

5412231719	Atom	Basic unit of matter	0
5412231720	Atomic Number	Number of protons in an atom	1
5412231721	Atomic Mass	Number of protons and neutrons in an atom	2
5412231722	Isotopes	atoms of the same element, but have a different amount of neutrons	3
5412231723	Octet Rule	Atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons to have eight valence electrons	4
5412231724	Cohesion	Attraction between particles of the same substance (water→ hydrogen bond)	5
5412231725	Adhesion	Attraction between two different substances	6
5412231726	Specific heat	Amount of energy/heat needed to raise or lower 1g of a substance 1 degree C	7
5412231727	Amino acid	Monomer of protein	8
5412231728	Polypeptide	Polymer of protein	9
5412231729	Water is a good solvent because	It is polar therefore dissolves polar substances well	10
5412231730	Enzyme lowers	Activation energy required to start a reaction	11
5412231731	Enzymes can be	Reused because it is unchanged after a reaction is catalyzed	12
5412231732	Enzymes and Substrates have	Complementary shapes	13
5412231733	Each enzyme can be used with only one	Substrate	14
5412231734	Activation energy	Amount of energy needed to start a reaction	15
5412231735	Active Site	Region on an enzyme where the substrate binds	16
5412231736	Substrate	The substance on which an enzyme acts	17
5412231737	Factors that affect Enzymes	Temperature, pH, salinity	18
5412231738	Polarity is created by	Unequal sharing of electrons	19
5412231739	Phosphorus (Atomic # 15) would look to form how many bonds	3	20
5412231740	Oxygen (Atomic # 8) would look to form how many bonds	2	21
5412231741	Peptide Bond	The bond formed between the Amine group of one amino acid and the Carboxyl group of another amino acid where H20 is lost	22
5412231742	Carbon is the organic molecule because	It can form four bonds	23
5412231743	Monosaccharide	Has a 1:2:1 ratio; Single sugar	24
5412231744	Polysaccharide	Has very close to a 1:2:1 ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen; Many sugars	25
5412231745	Valence Electrons	Electrons in the outermost orbital of an atom	26
5412231746	Hormones like testosterone	Lipids	27
5412231747	Functional groups of nucleic acids	Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base	28
5412231748	Isotopes	Differ by the number of neutrons	29
5412231749	Bond that exists between water molecules	Hydrogen bond	30
5412231750	Enzymes are what type of macromolecule	Protein	31
5412231751	Monomer of nucleic acid	Nucleotide	32
5412231752	What characteristic of life relates best to the high specific heat of water	Homeostasis	33
5412231753	Covalent bond	Created due to sharing of electrons	34
5412231754	Ionic bond	Created due to transferring of electrons	35
5412231755	Surface tension relates to which property of water	Cohesion	36
5412231756	The main role of nucleic acids is to	Hold genetic information	37
5412231757	Nucleus	contains Protons and Neutrons	38
5412231758	Electrons	no charge, energy is -2 and normally number of protons are equal to this	39
5412231759	Valence Shell	outermost shell that contains chemically reactive electrons; any not completely filled with 8 electrons will bond with others	40
5412231760	Matter	anything that occupies space and has mass	41
5412231761	Atom	the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element	42
5412231762	Element	a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances	43
5412231763	Molecule	group of 2 or less atoms bonded together	44
5412231764	Compound	Molecule containing 2 or more elements in a fixed ration	45
5412231765	Mixture	2 or more elements mixed in varying rations	46
5412231766	Solution	a liquid homogenous mixture of 2 or more elements	47
5412231767	Solvent	the dissolving agent	48
5412231768	Solute	the substance that is dissolved	49
5412231769	Atomic Number	number of protons, same for all atoms of particular element, unique for each element	50
5412231770	Mass Number	sum of protons and neutrons	51
5412231771	Isotope	a variant form of an element, contains a variant number of neutrons	52
5412231772	Ion	an atom that has gained or lost an electron	53
5412231773	Octet rule	atoms are reactive until they have 8 electrons in each shell	54
5412231774	Ionic Bonds	electrons are accepted or donated	55
5412231775	Cations	atoms that give up electrons and have a net positive charge	56
5412231776	Anions	Atoms that accept an electrons and have a negative charge	57
5412231777	Covalent Bonds	Electron pairs are shared	58
5412231778	Nonpolar	both atoms exert equal pull on the shared electrons	59
5412231779	Polar	one atom exerts more pull on the shared electrons due to extra protons	60
5412231780	Hydrogen Bonds	the slightly (+) H in a polar molecule forms a weak bond, lasts only a few seconds	61
5412231781	Reactants	Chemicals being changed by a reaction	62
5412231782	Products	Chemicals produced by a reaction	63
5412231783	Reversible Reaction	Products can change back to the reactants and vice versa	64
5412231784	Catalyst	Molecule that increases the rate of reactions (but are not consumed by it) e.g., enzyme	65
5412231785	Acid	electrolytes that release H+ ions e.g, HCl	66
5412231786	Base	Electrolytes that accepts H+ ions e.g. NaOH	67
5412231787	Salt	electrolyte formed by the reaction of a acid & base	68
5412231788	Buffer	Substance that resists changes in pH by accepting or donating H+ ions	69
5412231789	pH Scale	Measurements of the H+ ion/OH- concentrations	70
5412231790	Capillary action	water moves up tubes against gravity due to adhesion	71
5412231791	Polar molecule	water has partial positive and partial negative charges; dissolves ionic compounds	72
5412231792	4 classes of organic macromolecule	lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids	73
5412231793	lipids	non-polar molecules; oil, wax, butter, fat, steroids, cholesterol	74
5412231794	Nucleic acids	DNA, RNA	75
5412231795	Proteins	make up hair, skin, nails, muscle, bone, blood	76
5412231796	Carbohydrates	Give quick bursts of energy	77
5412231797	Organic	molecules containing Carbon bonded to other elements like Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur and Phosphorus	78
5412231798	organization of matter (smallest to largest)	atom-element-compound-macromolecule-organelle-cell	79
5412231799	3 subatomic particles and their charges	protons (+), electrons (-), neutrons (0)	80
5412231800	Universal solvent	Property of water that allows it to dissolve nutrients and carry them through the body	81