AP Language Argumentative Terms Flashcards

2214620883	ad hominem	"against the man"; a diversionary tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker	0
2214620884	ad populum	also known as bandwagoning; "everyone's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do"	1
2214620885	argument	a process of reasoned inquiry; a persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion	2
2214620886	begging the question	a fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt; Is the support itself sound?	3
2214620887	circular reasoning	a fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence	4
2214620888	deduction	a logical process whereby one reaches a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth and applying it to a specific case; usually demonstrated in the form of a syllogism	5
2214620889	either/or	also known as false dilemma; a fallacy in which the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices	6
2214620890	faulty analogy	a fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable	7
2214620891	hasty generalization	a fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence	8
2214620892	induction	a logical process whereby the writer reasons from the particulars to the universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion	9
2214620893	logical fallacy	potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument, usually arising from a failure to make a logical connection between the claim and the evidence used to support it	10
2214620894	polemic	an argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion	11
2214620895	post hoc ergo propter hoc	a logical fallacy for "after which therefore because of which"; it's incorrect to claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier; correlation does not imply causation	12
2214620896	propaganda	a term with negative connotations to describe writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information; the spread of ideas and information to further a cause	13
2214620897	red herring	a logical fallacy in which a speaker skips to a new and irrelevant topic in order to avoid the topic of discussion	14
2214620898	refute	to deny the validity of an opposing argument	15
2214620899	straw man	a logical fallacy that occurs when a speaker choose a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea	16
2214620900	syllogism	a logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion	17