Endosymbiosis Flashcards

5355916753	Endosymbiosis theory	A relationship between two species in which one organism lives inside the cell or cells of another organism (host)	0
5372765567	Primary endosymbiosis		1
5372769760	Secondary endosymbiosis	red and green algae ingested by a heterotrophic eukaryote 1.	2
5361586232	Protists	1. eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungi 2. most are unicellular 3. Some are heterotrophs and some are heterotrophs	3
5355917052	Serial endosymbiosis	mitochondria and chloroplasts were formerly small prokaryotes living within larger cells 1. similar in size 2. replication of mito. and chloroplasts resemble binary fission 3. inner membrane 4. ribosomes similar 5. have circular DNA which lack histones	4
5355917053	Mitochondria	1. evolved before plastids are derived from prokaryotes that were engulfed by the ancestors of early eukaryotic cells 2. it's suggested that mitochondria arose once over the course of evolution since	5
5365419887	Plastids 色素体	An organelle found in the cells of plants, green algae, red algae, and certain other protists. Like mitochondria, plastids have an inner and outer membrane, and contain their own DNA and ribosomes. Some plastids, such as the chloroplasts in plant leaves, contain pigments.	6
5372751711	Plastid lineage	1. evolved later from a photosynthetic cyanobacterium that was engulfed by a heterotrophic eukaryote 2. evolved into photosynthetic protists, red and green algae	7
5355917406	Chloroplasts		8
5355917407	Elysia chlorotica	Feeds by sucking the cell content from the intertidal algae Vaucheria.	9
5361690485	Excavata 古虫界	1. a clade originally proposed based on morphological studies of the cytoskeleton 2. Include the diplomonads, parabasalids, and euglenozoans (all monophyletic)	10
5365898764	Euglenozoans	1. protists include predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs, mixotrophs, and parasites 2. presence of a rod with either a spiral or a crystalline structure inside flagella	11
5355917789	Kleptoplastidy	1. A group of euglenozoans that has a single, large mitochondrion that contains an organized mass of DNA called kinetoplast 2. Example: Trypanosoma -> cause human sleeping sickness, a neurological disease, Chaga's disease (transmitted by bloodsucking in sects and can lead to congestive heart failure)	12
5355917790	Chlorarachiniophytes	1. a protist likely evolved when a heterotrophic eukaryote engulfed a green alga 2. engulfed cell, which contains a tiny vestigial nucleus, called nucleomorph	13
5355918163	Mixotroph	can use chloroplasts to undergo photosynthesis if light is available or as as a heterotroph by absorbing organic nutrients from the environment (ex. euglena)	14
5372818139	Three ecological categories of protists	protozoa, fungus-like and algae	15
5355918164	protozoa	ingestive, animal-like nutrition	16
5355918165	fungus-like	absorptive nutrition	17
5372812597	algae	photosynthetic, plant-like nutrition	18
5355918600	Eukaryotic Cilium or Flagellum	1. eukaryotic flagella are not homologous to those of prokaryotes 2. they are extensions of the cytoplasm with a support of the 9+2 microtubule system	19
5372824971	cyst	resistant cells formed by protists that can survive in harsh conditions	20
5355918975	plankton 浮游生物	communities of mostly microscopic organisms that drift in currents near the water's surface	21