AP Language Flashcards

4432505501	ad hominem fallacy	a fallacy of logic in which a persons character or motive is attacked instead of the persons argument	0
4432508157	ad populum fallacy	a fallacy of logic in which the widespread occurrence of something is assumed to make it true or right	1
4432509815	allegory	a story in which the people, places, and things represent general concepts or moral qualitites	2
4432512228	allusion	a brief reference to a person. place.event. or passage in work of literature or the bible assumed to be sufficiently well known to be recognized by the reader	3
4432516825	analogy	a comparison between two thing in which the more complex is explained in terms of the more simple	4
4432519385	anecdote	a short entertaining account of some happening,frequently personal or biographical	5
4432525353	anticlimax	a sudden drop from the dignified or important in thought or expression to the commonplace or trivial, often for humorous effect	6
4432528662	ethos	demonstrates credibility and trustworthiness	7
4432533628	pathos	speakers appeal to pathos to emotionally motivate the audience	8
4432535612	logos	speakers appeal to logos by offering clear rational ideas and using specific details to back them up	9
4432546321	argumentation	exploration of a problem by investigating all sides of it	10
4432547562	begging the question	a fallacy of logical argument that assumes as true the very thing that one is trying to prove	11
4432558613	cause and effect	examination of the causes and or effects of a situation or phenomenon	12
4432560264	chronological ordering	arrangement in the order in which things occur;may move from past to present or present to past	13
4432565053	classification as means of ordering	arrangement of objects according to class	14
4432566934	colloquial expression	words and phrases used in everyday speech but avoided in formal writing	15
4432571676	damning with faint praise	intentional use of a positive statement that has a negative implication	16
4432573814	deduction	a form of reasoning that begins with a genratlization, then applies the generalization to a specific case or cases	17
4432576919	digression	a temporary departure form the main subject in speaking or writing	18
4432579424	ellipsis (...)	the omission of a word or words necessary for complete construction but understood in context	19
4432584454	euphemism	the use of a word or phrase that is less direct, but that is also less distasteful or less offensive than another	20
4432589589	expository writingq	writing that explains or analyzes	21
4432591193	false dilemma	a fallacy of logical argument which is committed when too few of the available alternatives are considered, and all but one are assessed and deemed impossible or unacceptable	22
4432595405	hyperbole	an extravagant exaggeration of fact, used either for serious or comic effect	23
4432598769	imagery	lively descriptions which impress the images of things upon the mind, figures of speech	24
4432602204	induction	a form of reasoning which works from a body of fact to the formulation of a generalization	25
4432606823	inverted syntax	reversing the normal word order of a sentence	26
4432609653	irony	a method of humorous or sarcastic expression in which the intended meaning of the words is the opposite of their usual meaning	27
4432615773	litotes	a figure in which an affirmative is expressed by a negation of the contrary	28
4432619643	metaphor	in which one thing is compared to another by being spoken of as though it were that thingq	29
4432624541	non sequitur	a statement that does not follow logically from what preceded it	30
4432627037	order of importance	a method of organizing a paper according to the relative significance of the subtopics	31
4432633257	oxymoron	a figure of speech in which contradictory terms or ideas are combinged	32
4432635755	parable	short story from which a lesson may be drawn	33
4432637876	paradox	a statement which seems self contradictory , but which may be true in fact	34
4432640907	parody	a literary composition which imitates the characteristic style of a serious work or writer and uses its features to treat trivial	35
4432644691	pedantry	a display of narrow minded and trivial scholarship or arbitrary adherence to rules and forms	36
4432647718	personification	an inanimate object or abstract concept is endowed with human characteristics	37
4432651644	periodic sentence structure	a sentence written so that the full meaning cannot be understood until the end	38
4432655128	persuasion	taking a single position for the purpose of getting others to accept that position	39
4432657769	post hoc fallacy	occurs when the writer assume that an incident that precedes another is the cause of the second incident	40
4432662893	satire	a literary work in which vices, abuses, absurdities are held up to ridicule and contempt	41
4432666635	simile	a figure of speech involving a comparison using like or as	42
4432669198	spatial ordering	organization of information using spatial cues such as top to bottom	43
4432671754	syllogism	a form of reasoning in which two statements or premises are made and a logical conclusion is drawn from them, a form of deductive reasoning	44
4432676497	symbol	something that stands for another thing	45
4432677438	syntax	the arrangement of words as elements in a sentence to show their relationship	46
4432680611	tone	a way of wording or expressing things that expresses an attitude	47
4432682303	understatement	deliberately representing something as much less than it really is	48