AP Language Flashcards

5358724926	Purpose	Knowing these terms will help you.	0
5358729212	Allegory	The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction to the literal meaning. In some allegories, for example, an author may intend the characters to personify an abstraction lie hope or freedom. The allegorical meaning usually deals with moral truth or generalization about human existence.	1
5358746913	Alliteration	The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonants in tow or more neighboring words ( as in "she sells sea shell"). Although the term is not used frequently in the multiple-choice section, you can loof for alliteration in any essay passage. The repetition can reinforce meaning, unify ideas, supply a musical sound, and/or echo the sense of the passage.	2
5358766741	Allusion	A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. Allusions can be historical, literary, religious, topical, or mythical. There are many more possibilities, and a work may simultaneously use multiple layers of allusion. EX: "Plan ahead it wasn't raining when Noah built the ark."	3
5358791635	Ambiguity	The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.	4
5358801323	Analogy	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. An analogy can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pinting out its similarity to something more familiar. Analogies can also make writing more vivid, imaginative, or intellectually engaging. EX: "He that voluntarily continues ignorance is guilty of all the crimes which ignorance produces, as to him that should extinguish the tapers of a lighthouse might justly be imputed the calamities of shipwrecks."	5
5358827430	Anaphor	One of the devices of repetition, in which the same expression word or words is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences. EX: They are masters who instruct us without rod or ferule, without angry words, without clothes or money".	6
5358844240	Anecdote	A short narrative detailing particulars of an interesting episode or event. The term most frequently refers to an incident in the life of a person.	7
5358854823	Antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by an pronoun. The AP Language exam occasiounally asks for the antecedent of a given pronoun in a long, complex sentence or in a group of sentences.	8
5358870399	Antithesis	Figure of balance in which two contrasting ideas are intentionally juxtaposed, usually though parallel structure; a contrasting of opposing idesas in adjacent phrases, clauses, or sentences. Antithesis creates a definite and systematic relationship between ideas.	9
5358883651	Aphorism		10
5384904366	Apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer. The effect is to give vent to or display intense emotion, which can no longer be held back: Ex: William Wordsworth addresses John MIlton as he writes, "Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour: /England hath nee of thee."	11
5384916987	Asyndeton	Consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases , or clauses. This can give the effect of unpremeditated multiplicity, of an extemporaneous rather than a labored account. Asyndetic lists can be more emphatic than if a final conjunction were used. Ex: On his return he received medals, honors , treasures, titles, fame.	12
5384930170	Chiasmus	Chiasmus is a figure of speech in which two successive phrases or clauses are parallel in syntax, but reverse the order of the analogous words. Ex: "The land was ours before we were the land's" " Pleasure is a sin, and sometimes sin is a pleasure"	13
5384940988	Clause	A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb An independent, or main, clause expresses a complete thought and can sand alone as a sentence. A dependent, or subordinate clause cannot stand alone as a sentence and must be accompanied by an independent clause. The point that you want to consider is the question of what or why the author subordination in your own writing.	14
5384950610	Colloquial/colloquialism	The use of slang or informallities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, colloquialisms gibe a work a conversational, familiar tone. Colloquial expressions in writing include local or regional dialects.	15
5384954185	Coherence	A principle demanding that the parts of any composition be arranged so that the meaning of the whole may be immediately clear and intelligible. Words, phrases , clauses within the sentence; and sentences, paragraphs, and chapters in larger pieces of writing are the unit that by their progressive and logical arrangement, make for coherence	16
5384962648	Conceit	A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or suprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects. A conceit displays intellectual cleverness as a result of the unusual comparison being made.	17
5384969115	Connotation	The nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. Connotations may involve ideas, emotions, or attitudes.	18
5384973441	Test 2	"Denotation" and "imaginary"	19
5384975444	Denotation	The stict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion attitude or color.	20
5384976752	Diacope	Repetition of a word or phrase after an intervening word or phrase: Word/phrase X,..., word/phrase X. Ex: We will do it, I tell you; we will do it.	21
5384982092	Diction	Related to style, diction refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness. For the AP exam, you should be able to describe an author's diction (for example, formal or informal, ornate or plain) and understand the ways in which diction can complements the author's purpose. Diction, combined with syntax, figurative language, literary device, etc, creates an author's style	22
5384994273	Didactic	From the Greek, didactic literally means "teching." Didactic works have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles.	23
5385001336	Enumeratio	Figure of amplification in which a subject is divided into constituent parts or details, an may include a listing of causes, effect, problems, solutions, conditions, and consequences; the listing or detailing of the parts of something. Ex. I love her eyes, her hair, her nose, her cheeks, her lips.	24
5385006715	Expletive	Figure of emphasis in which a single word or short phrase, usually interrupting normal speech, is used to lend emphasis to the words on either side of the expletive. Ex: in fact, of course, to be sure, indeed, I suppose, I hope, you know, you see, clearly in any event, in effect, certainly, remarkably.	25
5385013637	Euphemism	From the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. The euphemism may be sued to adhere to standards of social or political correctness or to add humor or ironic understatement. Ex: Saying "earthly remains: rather than "corpse" is an example of euphemism.	26
5385036060	Exposition	In essays, one of the four chief types of composition, the others being argumentation, description, and narration. The purpose of exposition is to explain something. In drama, the exposition is the intoductory material, which creates the tone, gives the setting, and introduces the characters and conflict.	27
5385041649	Extended Metaphor	A metaphor developed at great length, occuring frequently in or throughout the work.	28
5385044679	Figurative language	Writing Or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid.	29
5385093407	Figure of speech	A device used to produce figurate language. Many compare dissimilar things. Figures of speech include apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonymy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement.	30
5385098914	Generic conventions	This term describes traditions for each genre. These conventions help to defile eache genre; for example, they differentiate an essay and jounalistic writing or an autobiography and political writing. On the AP Language exam, try to distinguish the unique features of a writer's work from those dictated by convention.	31
5385104774	Genre	The major category into which literary work fits.	32
5385109755	Homily	This term literally means "sermon" but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.	33
5385111897	Hyperbole	A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement. Hyperboles often have a comic effect; however, a serious effect is also possible. Often, hyperbole produces irony. Ex: "so firts of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself"	34
5385117694	Hypophora	Figure of reasoning in which one or more questions is/are asked and then answered, often at length, by one and the same speaker; raising and responding to one's own questions(s). A common usage is to ask the question at the beginning of a paragraph and the use that paragraph to answer it. You can use hypophora to raise questions which you think the reader obviously has on his/her mind and would like to see formulated and answered. Ex: "when the enemy struck on that June day of 1950, what did America do? It did what it always has done in all its times of peril. It appealed to the heroism of its youth."	35
5385128288	Imagery NOTE: imaginary might be imagery.	The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. ON a physical level, imaginary uses terms related to the five senses; we refer to visual auditory, tactile, gustatory, or olfactory imaginary. On a broader and deeper level, however, one image can represent more than one thing. For example, a rose may present visual imagery while also representing the color in a woman's cheeks and/or symbolizing some degree of perfection (It is the highest flower on the Great Chain of Being). An author may use complex imagery while simultaneously employing other figures of speech, especially metaphor and simile. In addition, this term can apply to the total of all the images in a work. On The AP Exam, pay attention to how an author creates imagery and to the effect of this imagery.	36
5434048265	Test #4 Parody to Sarcasm		37
5434050519	Parody		38