AP Language and Composition (AP Vocabulary) Flashcards

2454447198	Ad Hominem	appealing to feelings or prejudices rather than intellect.	0
2454459350	Argument	a statement or series of statements for or against something. A reason given in proof or rebuttal.	1
2454463165	Allegory	a story in which the characters and events are symbols that stand for ideas about human life or for a political or historical situation. (extended metaphor)	2
2454473815	Alliteration	the use of words that begin with the same sound and that are located near each other.	3
2454479483	Allusion	a statement that refers to something well-known without mentioning it directly.	4
2454484923	Ambiguity	something that does not have a single clear meaning; uncertainty.	5
2454488170	Analogy	a comparison of two things based on their being alike in some way.	6
2454490463	Anaphora	repetition of a word or expression at the beginning of successive clauses.	7
2454498055	Anecdote	a short account of an interesting event.	8
2454500103	Annotation	explanatory or critical notes added to a text.	9
2454503825	Antecedent	the noun to which a later pronoun refers.	10
2454507480	Antimetabole	the repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.	11
2454510551	Antithesis	parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas	12
2454514136	Aphorism	a short acute statement of a general truth.	13
2454516808	Apostrophe	the addressing of a usually absent person or an usually personified thing rhetorically. Speaker detaches from reality to address.	14
2454541255	Appositive	a word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.	15
2455417259	Archaic diction	the use of words common to an earlier time period.	16
2455645017	Argument	a statement put forth and supported by evidence.	17
2455648140	Assertion	an emphatic statement; declaration; lacking supporting evidence.	18
2455653710	Assumption	a belief or statement taken for granted without proof.	19
2455657652	Asyndeton	leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses.	20
2455661966	Attitude	the speaker's position on a subject revealed through his/her tone.	21
2455666002	Audience	those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.	22
2455670760	Authority	a reliable. respectable source-someone with knowledge.	23
2455675673	Bias	prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue.	24
2455680526	Chiasmus	an inverted relationship between the syntactic elements of parallel phrases.	25
2455685209	Cite	identifying a piece of writing as being derived from a source.	26
2455688083	Claim	an assertion, usually supported by evidence.	27
2455690389	Clause	part of a sentence having its own subject and verb.	28
2455694936	Colloquialism	an informal/ conversational use of language.	29
2455697492	Common Ground	shared beliefs, values, or positions.	30
2455699396	Complex Sentence	includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.	31
2455703565	Conceit	an idea that shows imagination.	32
2455718499	Concession	a reluctant acknowledgement or yielding.	33
2455723832	Connotation	that which is implied by a word as opposed the words literal meaning.	34
2455726996	Context	words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.	35
2455730132	Coordination	grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction.	36
2455757959	Counterargument	a challenge to an opinion; opposing argument.	37
2455760710	Credible	worthy of belief; trustworthy.	38
2455763598	Cumulative Sentence	an independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail.	39
2455768398	Declarative Sentence	a sentence that makes a statement.	40
2455776910	Deduction	reasoning from general to specific	41
2455778383	Denotation	the literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition.	42
2455780859	Device	something designed to achieve a particular artistic effect.	43
2455784414	Didactic	designed or intended to teach people something.	44
2455786986	Elegiac	mournful over what has passed or been lost, often used to describe tone.	45
2455791751	Epigrame	a brief witty statement	46
2455795698	Euphemism	a mild or pleasant word or phrase that is used instead of one that is unpleasant or offensive.	47
2455799137	Ethos	a Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's 3 rhetorical appeals.	48
2455803076	Extended Metaphor	a metaphor continued throughout a work of literature.	49
2455806332	Facts	information that is true or demonstrable.	50
2455831855	Figurative Language	the use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect.	51
2459978705	Figure of Speech	an expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning.	52
2459989259	Fragment	a word; phrase; or clause that does not form a full sentence.	53
2460003180	Genre	a particular type or category of literature or art.	54
2460013821	Homily	a usually short talk on a religious or moral topic.	55
2460052475	Hortatary	urging or strongly encouraging.	56
2460053717	Hyperbole	exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis	57
2463360155	Imagery	vivid use of language that evokes a readers senses.	58
2463364312	Imperative Sentences	a sentence that requests or commands	59
2463367443	Induction	reasoning from specific to general	60
2463369572	Infer	to form a opinion based on evidence	61
2463371500	Invective	harsh or insulting words	62
2463374664	Inversion	a sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.	63
2463377202	Irony	a contradiction between what is said and what is meant.	64
2463379849	Juxtaposition	placement of two things side by side for emphasis.	65
2463382340	Language	words of a particular kind	66
2463385428	Logical Fallacy	common errors in reasoning that will undermine your arguments.	67
2463387758	Logos	an appeal to the logic	68
2463388699	Loose Sentence	main clause is followed by one or more coordinate or subordinate clauses.	69
2463391755	Metaphor	a figure of speech or trophe through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making it an implicit comparison.	70
2463396681	Metonymy	use of an aspect of something to represent the whole.	71
2463400009	Modes of Discourse	four different categories of writing. (narration, description, exposition, and argument).	72
2463404992	Modifier	a word, phrase, or clause that clarifies or describes another word, phrase, or clause.	73
2463410417	Mood	the feeling the reader gets	74
2463412980	Narration	retelling an event or a series of events.	75
2463414364	Nominalization	turning a verb or adjective into a noun	76
2463416261	Occasion	an aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing.	77
2463421158	Omniscient Narrator	an all-knowing, usually 3rd person narrator.	78
2463423207	Onomatopoeia	the creation of words that imitate natural sounds.	79
2463424988	Oxymoron	figure of speech that combines 2 contradictory terms.	80
2463432347	Pacing	relative speed or slowness with which a story is told or an idea is presented.	81
2463436450	Paradox	a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true.	82
2463452548	Parallelism	the repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.	83
2463458208	Parody	a piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another.	84
2463461113	Pathos	appeals to emotion.	85
2463462665	Pedantic	meticulous, particular	86
2463480645	Periodic Sentence	a sentence that builds toward and ends with the main clause.	87
2467403990	Persona	the speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing.	88
2467405936	Personification	assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects.	89
2467408340	Polemic	an argument against a idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion.	90
2467416200	Polysyndeton	the deliberate use of a series of conjunctions.	91
2467418230	Point of View	the angle from where a story is told.	92
2467419893	Predicate Adjective	an adjective that is used to predicate an attribute of the subject of the sentence.	93
2467426117	Predicate Nominative	the traditional term for a noun, pronoun, or other nominal that follows a linking verb.	94
2467429039	Premise	two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise.	95
2467439431	Pronoun	a word used to replace a noun or phrase.	96
2467442078	Propaganda	a negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information.	97
2467447290	Prose	writing that is not poetry.	98
2467474997	Purpose	one's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.	99
2467509433	Refute	to discredit a argument, particularly a counterargument.	100
2467512734	Repetition	the action of repeating something that has already been said or written.	101
2467517718	Rhetoric	the study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "avail means of persuasion."	102
2467524438	Rhetorical Appeals	Ethos, Pathos, and Logos	103
2467525973	Rhetorical Modes	patterns of organization	104
2467529230	Rhetorical Question	a question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer.	105
2467533080	Rhetorical Strategies	Ethos, Pathos, and Logos.	106
2467535739	Satire	an ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it.	107
2467538541	Sarcasm	mocking, ironic, or satirical remark, usually to wound as well as amuse.	108
2467541006	Scheme	a pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect.	109
2467543974	Sentence Patterns	the arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions.	110
2467548872	Sentence Structure	the way a structure is set-up and the make-up of it.	111
2467551290	Sentence Variety	using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect.	112
2467553541	Simile	a figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things.	113
2467556797	Simple Sentence	a statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause.	114
2467560807	Speaker	a term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing.	115
2467565903	Straw man	Fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position.	116
2467571458	Style	the distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech.	117
2467577646	Stylistic devices	the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling to the literal or written.	118
2467582128	Subject	the topic addressed in a writing.	119
2467586323	Subject Complement	the adjective, noun, or pronoun that follows a linking verb.	120
2467587860	Subordinate Clause	created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause modifies an independent clause.	121
2467592031	Subordination	the dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence.	122
2467595634	Syllogism	form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise.	123
2467599564	Symbol	a thing that stands for or represents something else.	124
2467601895	Syntax	sentence structure	125
2467603601	Synthesis	combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.	126
2467848728	Theme	the subject of a piece or writing.	127
2467850339	Thesis	the central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer.	128
2467854184	Tone	the speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience.	129
2467857796	Transition	a way to move from one idea to the next.	130
2467859687	Trope	artful diction. The use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech.	131
2467862749	Understatement	lack of emphasis in a statement or point.	132
2467872697	Voice	a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	133
2467875640	Zeugma	a construction in which one word modifies or governs two or more words in a sentence.	134