AP World History Ch. 12 Flashcards

5920257989	Shadow Privilege	Privilege extended to sons and relatives of the Song Dynasty officials, allowing them to take a less competitive series of examinations	0
5920272397	Advanced Scholar	The highest degree given by the government to top-scoring examination candidates	1
5920281358	Neo-Confucianism	Teachings of the thinker Zhu Xi (1130-1200) and his followers that urged students to apprehend the principle in physiological stuff, or qi	2
5920305505	Shogun	"General" in Japanese; all-powerful military leader governing on behalf of the emperor, who lived in Kyoto but exercised little actual power	3
5920327255	gunpowder	Mixture of potassium nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal used by the Chinese for fireworks and explosive weapons	4
5920340489	Li Qingzhao	(ca. 1084) Famous woman poet of the song dynasty who wrote a first-person memoir about her marriage to Zhao Mingcheng	5
5939043453	Zhu Xi	(1130-1200) the leading thinker of Neo-Confucianism, who wrote a commentary on "The Four Books"	6
5939054409	Ly Dynasty	(1009-1224) The independent rulers of Vietnam who adopted the Tang Code in 1042	7
5939060266	New Policies	Reforms, implemented between 1069 and 1086, that included paying all government salaries in money and extending low-interest loans to poor peasants	8
5939070565	Paper Money	Money that could be used instead of bronze coins; issued around 1000 by the Song dynasty, the first government in world history to do so	9
5939080579	steel-needle compass	A navigated instrument by floating a magnetized steel needle in water: since the magnetized needle pointed north, sailors knew where to go.	10
5939102498	Zen Buddhism	A Japanese school of Buddhism that emphasized attaining enlightenment through meditations.	11
5939109621	Song Dynasty	(960-1276) Dynasty that ruled a united China from the northern capital of Kaifeng from 960-1126 and only the southern half of the empire from 1127-1276.	12
5939120678	Zhao Rugua	(fl. 1225) Author of "The Description of Foreign Peoples", a compendium of information about China'a closest trading partners in East Asia and distant places such as the east coasts of Africa and Spain.	13
5939136560	Movable Type	Printing method first developed in China after 1040 by printers who arranged reusable individual characters on the page.	14
5939145151	Koryo Dynasty	(936-1392) Dynasty that gave its name to the modern country of Korea, whose founder adopted Tang governing models.	15
5939154811	Jin Dynasty	(1115-1234) Dynasty of the Jurchen people of Manchuria that ruled north China from 1127-1234, when the Mongols defeated their armies.	16