AP World History- Unit 3 Flashcards

3395755287	Buddhism	came to china over the silk roads. It is a religion that desires to eliminate all distracting passion and reach nirvana	0
3395755288	Chan Buddhism	An influential branch of Buddhism in China, with an emphasis of intuition and sudden flashes of insight instead of textual study	1
3395755289	Daoism	Chinese philosophy with origins in the Zhou dynasty; it is associated with legendary philosopher Laozi, and it called for a policy of noncompetition	2
3395756383	Dunhuang	Oasis in modern western China that became a site of Buddhist missionary activity	3
3395757206	Equal field system	Chinese system during the Tang dynasty in which the goal was to ensure an equitable distribution of land	4
3395758131	Grand canal	One of the world's largest waterworks projects before modern times	5
3395759670	Hangzhou	Capital of the Southern Song dyansty	6
3395759671	Heian Japan	A brilliant cultural era notable for the world's first novel, Murasaki Shikibu's The Tale of Genji	7
3395760771	Kamakura Period(1185-1333 CE) & Muromachi period(1336-1573 CE)	Japan decentralized political order in which provincial lords wielded effective power and authority in local regions where they controlled land and economic affairs	8
3395760772	Li Bai	One of the most popular poets of the Tang era, famous for his commentary on Chinese social life	9
3395760773	Mahayana Buddhism	The "greater vehicle" a more metaphysical and more popular northern branch of Buddhism	10
3395763812	Nara Japan	Centered on the city of Nara, that was the highest point of Chinese Influence	11
3395764580	Neo-Confucianism	Philosophy that attempted to merge certain basic elements of Confucian and Buddhist thought	12
3395764581	Nirvana	Buddhist concept of a state of spiritual perfection and enlightenment in which distracting passions are eliminated	13
3395764582	Porcelain	Lighter, thinner and adaptable	14
3395765541	Samurai	A Japanese warrior	15
3395765542	Shinto	It is defined as an action-centered religion, focused on ritual practices to be carried out diligently, to establish a connection between present-day Japan and its ancient past.	16
3395766489	Shogun	Japanese military leader who ruled in place of the emperor	17
3395766490	Silla dynasty		18
3395767616	Song dynasty	It was marked by an increasingly urbanized and cosmopolitan society	19
3395769820	The Tale of Genji	Japanese literary works written during the Heian period by the aristocratic woman Murasaki Shikibu	20
3395769821	Tang dynasty	An imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty	21
3395771231	Tang Taizong	Chinese emperor of the Tang Dynasty	22
3395771232	Uighurs	Turkish tribe	23
3395772041	Wuwei	Daoist concept of a disengagement from the affairs of the world	24
3395772042	Wu Zhao	Concubine of Emperor Tang Taizong, who seized imperial power for herself in 690 after Taizong became debilitated	25
3395772976	Xuanzang	Seventh century Chinese monk who made a famous trip to India to collect Buddhist texts	26
3395773922	Zhu Xi	Neo-Confucian Chinese philosipher	27
3395784094	Abbasid dynasty	Cosmopolitan Arabic dynasty that replaced the Umayyads; founded by Abu al-Abbas and reached its peak under Harun al-Rashid	28
3395784095	Abu-Bakr	First caliph after the death of Muhammad	29
3395784747	Al-Andalus	Islamic Spain	30
3395784748	Allah	G-d of the monotheistic religion of Islam	31
3395784749	Bedouin	Nomadic Arabic tribespeople	32
3395785883	Caliph	"Deputy," Islamic leader after the death of Muhammad	33
3395785884	dar al-Islam	The "house of Islam," a term for the Islamic world	34
3395786720	Five Pillars of Islam	The foundations of Islam: 1. Profession of faith 2. prayer 3. fasting during Ramadan 4. almsgiving 5. pilgrimage or hajj	35
3395787727	hadith	a collection of traditions containing sayings of the prophet Muhammad that, with accounts of his daily practice (the Sunna), constitute the major source of guidance for Muslims apart from the Koran.	36
3395787728	hajj	Pilgrimage to Mecca	37
3395788318	hijra	Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina in 622, which is the beginning point of the Islamic calendar and is considered to mark the beginning of the Islamic faith	38
3395789697	Islam	Monotheistic religion announced by the prophet Muhammad; influenced by Judaism and Christianity, Muhammad was considered the final prophet because the earlier religions had not seen the entire picture	39
3395789698	jihad	a war or struggle against unbelievers.	40
3395789699	jizya	Tax in Islamic empires that was imposed on non-Muslims	41
3395790510	Ka'ba	main shrine in Mecca, goal of Muslims embarking on the hajj	42
3395790511	madrasas	Islamic institutions of higher education that originated in the tenth century	43
3395791216	Muhammad	Prophet of Islam	44
3395791217	Muslim	A follower of Islam	45
3395791218	qadis	Islamic Judge	46
3395792908	Quran	Islamic holy book that is believed to contain the divine revelations of Allah as presented to Muhammad	47
3395792909	Rubaiyat	"Quatrains," famous poetry of Omar Khayyan that was later translated by Edward Fitzgerald	48
3395792910	sakk	Letters of credit that were common in the medieval Islamic banking world	49
3395793767	sharia	The Islamic holy law, drawn up by theologians form the Quran and accounts of Muhammad's life	50
3395793768	Shia	Islamic minority in opposition to the Sunni majority; their belief is that leadership should reside in the line descended from Ali	51
3395793769	Sufi	Islamic mystics who placed more emphasis on emotion and devotion than on strict adherence to rules	52
3395793770	Sunni	"Traditionalists," the most popular branch of Islam; Sunnis believe in the legitimacy of the early caliphs, compared with the Shiite belief that only a descendant of Ali can lead	53
3395794446	ulama	Islamic officials, scholars who shaped public policy in accordance with the Quran and the Sharia	54
3395794447	umma	Islamic term for the "community of the faithful"	55
3395794448	Ummayad dynasty	Arabic dynasty, with its capital at Damascus, that was marked by a tremendous period of expansion to Spain in the west and India in the east	56
3395795780	Angkor	Southeast Asian Khmer kingdom that was centered on the temple cities of Angkor Thom and Angkor Wat	57
3395795781	Axum	African kingdom centered in Ethiopia that became an early and lasting center of Coptic Christianity	58
3395795782	bhakti movement	Indian movement that attempted to transcend the differences between Hinduism and Islam	59
3395796526	caste system	class structure that is determined by birth.	60
3395796527	Chola kingdom	Southern Indian Hindu kingdom, a tightly centralized state that dominated sea trade	61
3395797315	dhows	Indian, Persian, and Arab ships, one hundred to four hundred tons, that sailed and traded throughout the Indian Ocean basin	62
3395797316	emporia	a principal center of commerce; a market.	63
3395798216	guru Kabir	A blind weaver who became the most important teacher in the Bhakti movement, which sought to harmonize Hinduism and Islam	64
3395798217	Harsha	was an Indian emperor who ruled North India	65
3395799869	Mahmud of Ghazni		66
3395799870	Majaphit	Southeast Asian kingdom centered on the island of Java	67
3395799871	Melaka	Southeast Asian kingdom that was predominantly Islamic	68
3395800650	Ramanuja	Hindu theologian, philosopher, and scriptural exegete,	69
3395800651	Shankara	a philosopher and theologian[5] from India who consolidated the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta.[1] He is credited with unifying and establishing the main currents of thought in Hinduism.[6][7][8]	70
3395801919	Shiva	Hindu god associated with both fertility and destruction	71
3395802582	Srivijaya	Southeast Asian kingdom, based on the island of Sumatra, that used a powerful navy to dominate trade	72
3395804999	Vijayanagar kingdoms	Southern Indian kingdom that later fell to the Mughals	73
3395805000	Vishnu	Hindu god, preserver of the world, who was often incarnated as Krishna	74
3395852623	Aegean Sea	Sea located between the mainlands of modern Greece and Turkey	75
3395852735	Byzantine Empire	Long-lasting empire centered at Constantinople; it grew out of the end of the Roman empire, carried the legacy of Roman greatness, and was the only classical society to survive into the early modern age; it reached its early peak during the reign of Justinian	76
3395854098	Carolingian dynasty	Germanic dynasty that was named after its most famous member, Charlemagne	77
3395854099	caesaropapism	Concept relating to the mixing of political and religious authority, as with the Roman emperors, that was central to the church-versus-state controversy in medieval Europe	78
3395855623	Charlemagne		79
3395855624	Constantinople		80
3395857080	Corpus iuris civilis	Body of the Civil Law, the Byzantine emperor Justinian's attempt to codify all Roman law	81
3395857081	Franks		82
3395857082	Greek fire	Devastating incendiary weapon used mainly at sea by Byzantine forces in the 7th and 8th CE	83
3395858074	Hagia Sofia	Massive Christian church constructed by the Byzantine emperor Justinian and later converted into a mosque	84
3395858075	iconoclasm	Destroying religious icons because their veneration was considered sinful	85
3395858076	Justinian		86
3395858935	Louis the Pious	Only surviving son of Charlemagne, who held his father's empire together until his sons split it up after his death in 843	87
3395858936	Magyars	Hungarian invaders who raided towns in Germany, Italy, and France in the ninth and tenth century	88
3395858937	missi dominici	"Envoys of the lord ruler," the noble and church emissaries sent out by Charlemagne	89
3395859563	missionaries		90
3395940967	monasticism		91
3395940968	Odovacer	Germanic general who deposed Romulus Augustus in 476 CE, thus bringing about the end of the western Roman Empire	92
3395940969	papacy		93
3395941736	Patriarch	Leader of the Greek Orthodox church, which in 1054 officially split with the Pope and the Roman Catholic church	94
3395941737	Pope Gregory I		95
3395942484	schism	Mutual excommunication of the Roman Pope and Byzantine Patriarch in 1054 over ritual, doctrinal and political differences between the two Christian chruches	96
3395942485	St. Basil	Byzantine Christian reformer who prepared regulations for monasteries emphasizing poverty, charity and chastity	97
3395943418	St. Benedict		98
3395943419	St. Scholastica		99
3395943420	theme system		100
3395944268	Theodora		101
3395944269	Vikings	A group that raided the British Isles from their home at Vik in southern Norway	102
3395947277	Chinggis Khan		103
3395947278	Ghaznavid Turks	Turkish tribe under Mahmud of Ghazni who moved into northern India in the eleventh century and began a period of greater Islamic influence in India	104
3395949290	ilkhanate of Persia	Mongo state that ruled Persia after abolition of the Abbasid empire in the 13th century	105
3395949291	Jurchen		106
3395949292	Karakorum		107
3395950116	khan		108
3395950117	khanate of Chaghatai		109
3395951118	Khanbaliq		110
3395951119	khans of the Golden Horde		111
3395952541	Khubilai Khan		112
3395953322	Khwarazm shah	Ruler of Afghanistan and Persia in 1218, when Chinggis Khan sought to trade with his realm. After Khwarazm shah murdered Chinggis Khan's envoys	113
3395953323	kumiss	An alcoholic drink of the nomadic groups of Central Asia made of fermented mare's milk	114
3395953337	Manichaeism	Religion founded by the prophet Mani in the third century , a syncretic version of Zoroastrian, Christian, and Buddhist elements	115
3395954597	Mongols		116
3395954598	Osman		117
3395954599	Ottoman empire	Powerful Turkish empire that lasted from the conquest of Constantinople(Istanbul) in 1453 until 1918 and reached its peak during the reign of Süleyman the Magnificent	118
3395955513	Seljuq Turks		119
3395955514	shamans	Religious specialists who possessed supernatural powers and who communicated with the gods and the spirits of nature	120
3395955515	sultan		121
3395956525	Tamerlane		122
3395958599	Temüjin	Mongol conqueror who later took the name Chinggis Khan, "universal ruler"	123
3395958601	Yuan dynasty	Chinese dynasty that was founded by the Mongo ruler	124
3395959798	yurts	Tents used by nomadic Turkish and Mongol tribes	125
3395959799	age grades	Bantu institution in which individuals of roughly the same age carried out communal tasks appropriate for that age	126
3395961198	bananas		127
3395961199	Bantu peoples	African peoples who originally lived in the area of present day Nigeria;	128
3395961200	Benin		129
3395962322	camels		130
3395962323	gold trade		131
3395962324	Great Zimbabwe	Large sub-Saharan African kingdom in the 15th century	132
3395963225	griots	Professional singers, historian, and story-tellers in sub-Saharan Africa	133
3395963226	Ife		134
3395963227	Islamic slave trade		135
3395964450	Jenne-jeno	Settlement in the middle Niger River region in Africa that flourished from the 4th to the 8th centuries. Known for Iron production	136
3395964451	Kebra Negast		137
3395964452	Kilwa		138
3395965730	kin-based societies		139
3395965731	kingdom of Ghana		140
3395966606	kingdom of Kongo	Central African state that began trading with the Portuguese around 1500	141
3395966607	Koumbi-Saleh	Important trading city along the trans-Saharan trade route from the 11th century to the 13th century	142
3395968275	Mali empire	West African kingdom founded in the 13th century by Sundiata; it reached its peak during the reign of Mansa Masu	143
3395968276	Mansa Musa		144
3395968277	Sundiata	Founder of the Mali empire, also the inspiration for the Sundiata, an African literary and mythological work	145
3395969310	Swahili	East African city-state society that dominated the coast from Mogadishu to Kilwa and was active in trade. Also a Bantu language of East Africa, or a member of a group who speaks this language	146
3395969311	Timbuktu		147
3395969320	trans-Saharan trade		148
3395970430	Zanj revolt		149
3395970431	Zimbabwe	Former colony of southern Rhodesia that gained independence in 1980	150
3395971820	battle of Manzikert		151
3395971821	Bogomils	Bulgarian group active in the 10th and 11th centuries that believed in rejecting the material world and extreme asceticism	152
3395971822	Capetian	Early French dynasty that started with Hugh Capet	153
3395971823	Cathars	medieval heretics, also known as the Albigensian, who considered the material world evil; their followers renounced wealth and marriage and promoted an ascetic existence	154
3395972911	cathedral schools		155
3395972912	chivalry	European medieval code of conduct for knights based on loyalty and honor	156
3395972913	crusades		157
3395973584	Dominicans	An order of mendicants founded by St. Dominic whose purpose was to live in poverty and serve the religious needs of their communities	158
3395973585	Eleanor of Aquitaine	Aristocratic woman from the city of Poitiers, modern France, who supported poets and entertainers known as troubadours	159
3395974588	Franciscans	An order of mendicants founded by St. Francis whose purpose was to live in poverty and serve the religious needs of their communities	160
3395974589	Frederick Barabossa	Medieval emperor with lands in modern southern Germany who tried and failed to conquer Lombardy in modern Italy	161
3395975380	guilds		162
3395975381	Hanseatic League		163
3395975382	Holy Roman Empire		164
3395976795	Investiture Contest	One aspect of the medieval European church-versus-state controversy, the granting of church officials	165
3395976796	Marco Polo	Italian merchant whose account of his travels to China and other lands became legendary	166
3395976809	Normans		167
3395977706	Otto I		168
3395977707	pilgrimages		169
3395977708	Pope Urban II		170
3395978686	relics	Physical remains of saints or religious figures assembled by churches for veneration	171
3395978687	reconquista	Crusade, ending in 1492, to drive the Islamic forces out of Spain	172
3395978694	Saladin	Muslim leader and crusader who recaptures Jerusalem from the Christians	173
3395979721	scholasticism	Medieval attempt of thinkers such as St. Thomas Aquinas to merge the beliefs of Christianity with the logical rigor of greek philosophy	174
3395979722	St. Thomas Aquinas		175
3395980738	three estates	The three classes of European society, composed of the clergy #1, the aristocrats #2 and the common people #3	176
3395980739	troubadors	A class of traveling poets and entertainers enthusiastically patronized by Medieval aristocratic women in modern southern France and northern Italy	177
3395981641	William the Conqueror		178
3395982623	aboriginal peoples		179
3395982624	ali'i nui	Hawaiian class of high chiefs	180
3395982625	ayllu		181
3395983601	Aztec empire	Central American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the 15th century during he reigns of Itzcoatl and Motecuzoma I	182
3395983602	calpulli		183
3395984332	chinampa	Agricultural gardens used by Mexica (Aztecs) in which fertile muck from lake bottoms was dredged and built up into small plots	184
3395984333	Chimu	Pre-Incan South American society that fell to Incas in the 15th century	185
3395985600	Chucuito	Pre-Incan South American society that rose in the 12th century and fell to the Incas in the 15th century	186
3395985601	Cuzco		187
3395987011	Huitzilopochtli	Sun god and patron deity of the Aztecs	188
3395987012	Inca empire	Powerful South American empire that would reach its	189
3395987013	Inti		190
3395987621	Iroquois	Eastern American Indian confederation made up of the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca tribes	191
3395987622	Itzóatl		192
3395988358	kapu	Hawaiian concept of something being taboo	193
3395988359	Maori	Indigenous people of New Zealand	194
3395988360	marae	Polynesian temple structure	195
3395988361	Mexica		196
3395989611	Motecuzoma I		197
3395990985	Nan Madol		198
3395990986	Navajo		199
3395992281	Polynesians		200
3395992282	Pueblo		201
3395992283	Quecha		202
3395994251	Quetzalcóatl	Aztec god, the "feathered serpent," who was borrowed originally from the Toltecs; Quetzalcoatl was believed to have been defeated by another god and exiled, and he promised to return	203
3396032989	quipu	Incan mnemonic aid comprised of different-colored strings and knots that served to record events in the absence of a written text	204
3396059110	Tenochtitlan	Capital of the Aztec Empire, later Mexico city	205
3396059111	Teotihuacan	Central American society; its Pyramid of the Sun was the largest structure in Mesoamerica	206
3396060659	Tezcatlipoca		207
3396060660	Toltecs	Central American society that was centered on the city of Tula	208
3396060661	Tula	Original region of the Toltec people, located to the northwest of modern Mexico city	209
3396060662	Viracocha		210