Chapter 33: The Building of Global Empires Flashcards

2790269974	Afrikaners	Dutch farmers who settled South Africa during the seventeenth century.	0
2790269975	Battle of Omdurman	Battle (1898) in which British troops kill 11,000 Sudanese in five hours, demonstrating the increasing power of Western military technologies.	1
2790269976	Berlin Conference	Meeting organized by German chancellor Otto von Bismarck in 1884-1885 that provided the justification for European colonization of Africa.	2
2790269977	Christianity	Religion emerging from Middle East in the first century C.E. holding Jesus to be the son of God who sacrificed himself on behalf of mankind.	3
2790269978	East India Company	British joint-stock company that grew to be a state within a state in India; it possessed its own armed forces.	4
2790269979	French Indochina	French colonies in southeast Asia, established during the nineteenth century, that included modern day Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.	5
2790269980	Great Game	Nineteenth-century competition between Great Britain and Russia for the control of central Asia.	6
2790269981	Great Trek	Migration of Afrikaners inland to claim new lands in response to British-Dutch tensions. They established the Orange Free Sate in 1854 and the Transvaal in 1860.	7
2790269982	Hinduism	Main religion of India, a combination of Dravidian and Aryan concepts; Hinduism's goal is to reach spiritual purity and union with the great world spirit; its important concepts include dharma, karma, and samsara.	8
2790269983	Imperialism	Term associated with the expansion of European powers and their conquest and colonization of African and Asian societies, mainly from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries.	9
2790269984	Indentured labor	Labor source in the Americas; wealthy planters would pay the European poor to sell a portion of their working lives, usually seven years, in exchange for passage.	10
2790269985	Indian National Congress	Forum established in 1885 where educated Indians convened to discuss public affairs such as colonial misrule and aims for self-rule.	11
2790269986	Islam	Monotheistic religion of the prophet Muhammad (570-632); influenced by Judaism and Christianity, Muhammad was considered the final prophet because the earlier religions had not seen the entire picture; the Qu'ran is the holy book of Islam.	12
2790269987	Lagaan	Taxes imposed by the British on Indians.	13
2790269988	Maji Maji Rebellion	Rebellion (1905) of east Africans that sought to defeat the Germans through traditional magic.	14
2790269989	Maori	Indigenous peoples of New Zealand.	15
2790269990	Meiji Restoration	Restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Meiji in 1868 by a coalition led by Fukuzawa Yukichi and Ito Hirobumi; the restoration enacted western reforms to strengthen Japan.	16
2790269991	Monroe Doctrine	American doctrine issued in 1823 during the presidency of James Monroe that warned Europeans to keep their hands off Latin America; the doctrine also expressed growing American strength and growing American imperialistic views regarding Latin America.	17
2790269992	Mughals	Islamic dynasty that ruled India from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries; the construction of the Taj Mahal is representative of their splendor; with the exception of the enlightened reign of Akbar, the increasing conflict between Hindus and Muslims was another of their legacies.	18
2790269993	Muslim	A follower of Islam.	19
2790269994	Panama Canal	Project (1903-1914) allowing the U.S. access to the Atlantic and the Pacific.	20
2790269995	Partition of India	Violent division of India into Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India upon its independence in 1947.	21
2790269996	Sati	Also known as suttee, Indian practice of a widow throwing herself on the funeral pyre of her husband.	22
2790269997	Scientific racism	Nineteenth-century attempt to justify racism by scientific means; an example would be Gobineau's Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races.	23
2790269998	Sepoys	Indian troops who served the British.	24
2790269999	Sikhs	Indian syncretic faith that contains elements of Hinduism and Islam.	25
2790270000	Social Darwinism	Nineteenth-century philosophy, championed by thinkers such as Herbert Spencer, that attempted to apply Darwinian "survival of the fittest" to the social and political realm; adherents saw the elimination of weaker nations as part of a natural process and used the philosophy to justify war.	26
2790270001	Spanish-American War	War lasting from 1898 to 1899 in which the United States took Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines from Spanish control.	27
2790270002	United East India Company (VOC)	Dutch joint-stock company, founded in 1602, that operated Dutch trading posts with government support but with little government oversight.	28