AP World History Chapter 2 Flashcards

5818837082	Sumerians	People who migrated into Mesopotamia 4000 BCE created first civilization within region; organized area into city-states	0
5818837083	City-state	a form of political organization typical of Mesopotamia civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king	1
5818837084	cuneiform	a form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets	2
5818837085	epic of gilgamesh	the first literary epic in Western civilization; written down 2000 bce; included story of great flood	3
5818837086	ziggurat	massive tower usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes	4
5818837087	animism	a religious outlook that sees gods in many aspects of nature and propitiates them to help control and explain nature; typical of Mesopotamian religions	5
5818837088	civilization	societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existance if nonfarming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups	6
5818837089	Sargon I	Ruler of city-state of Akkad; established the first empire in Mesopotamian civilization 2400	7
5818837090	Babylonian Empire	unified all of mesopotamia in 1800 bce; collapse due to foreign invasion in 1600 bce	8
5818837091	Hammurabi's Code of Law	created by King Hammurabi of the Babylonian Empire; first law system ever written; used to protect weak and unify the empire	9
5818837092	pharaoh	egyptian kings	10
5818837093	Narmer	first pharaoh of Old Kingdom Egypt	11
5818837094	Akhenaton	Egyptian pharaoh of the New Kingdom; attempted to establish monotheistic religion but ultimately failed	12
5818837095	Kush	an african state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile 1000 bce; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries	13
5818837096	Meroe	ancient city on the east bank of the Nile in southern Sudan; served as southern capital of the Kushite kingdom from 800-350 bce	14
5818837097	Axum	kingdom located in Ethiopian highlands; replaced Meroe in the first century ce; received strong influence from Arabian Peninsula; eventually converted to Christianity	15
5818837098	Minoan	a civilization that developed on the island of Crete 1600 bce; capital at the palace complex of Knossos	16
5818837099	Phoenicians	seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean	17