AP World History Period 5 Flashcards

4080352880	Age of Absolutism	series of of European monarchs who increased the power of their central gov'ts	0
4080359631	Characteristics of Absolute Monarchs	centralization of power; concept of rule by divine right	1
4080372565	Foundations of English Rights	the jury trial, Magna Carta, common law	2
4080381982	English Civil War and Glorious Revolution	prompted further development of rights of Englishmen	3
4080388555	Glorious Revolution	William and Mary; overthrow of King James II; created lasting power between the monarchy and Parliament	4
4080410744	Absolute Monarchy	gov't in which the monarch has a total or near control of the nation's financial resources and laws	5
4080415801	Phillip II	Absolute Monarch of Spain	6
4080417083	Elizabeth	Absolute Monarch of Britian; Tudor Family; daughter of Henry VIII	7
4080419062	Frederick the Great	Absolute Monarch of Prussia	8
4080426217	Peter the Great and Catherine the Great	Absolute Monarchs of Russia	9
4080430838	Maria Theresa	Absolute Monarch of Austria	10
4080446110	Whigs	wanted to exclude James from the throne	11
4080450739	Tories	defended hereditary monarchy	12
4080475054	Belief of Enlightenment Thinkers	human progress possible through scientific knowledge and reason to issues of law of law and gov't	13
4080481426	Enlightenment Ideas	influenced leaders of American and French Revolution and Declaration of Independence	14
4080487387	Enlightenment	stimulated religious tolerance	15
4080492390	16th, 17th, 18th centuries	changes in arts, literature, and political philosophy	16
4080498744	Age of Reason	witnessed inventions and innovations in technology that stimulated trade and transportation	17
4080505830	new form of painting	classical, public events, nature, portraits	18
4080508371	all-weather roads	improved trade and transport	19
4080511416	Agricultural Revolution	new farm tools increased productivity	20
4080517412	improvements in ship design	lowered cost of transport	21
4080542133	Industrial Revolution	originated in England b/c of its natural resources (coal, iron ore) and steam engine	22
4080547585	Industrial Revolution spread to...	Europe and the U.S.	23
4080551951	Industrial Revolution products	cotton textile, iron, steel	24
4080560638	British Enclosure Movement	precursor to Industrial Revolution; private properties for agriculture and manufacturing	25
4080578880	Industrial Revolution caused the demise of...	cottage industries	26
4080586088	Impacts of Industrial Revolution on Industrial Countries	population and standard of living increase, improved transportation, urbanization, pollution, better education, dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions, middle class	27
4080593412	Cause of Industrial Revolution	capitalism and market competition	28
4080597477	Socialism and Communism	against capitalism	29
4080599587	agricultural economies	based on family unit	30
4080600960	child labor	kept costs of production low and profits high	31
4080602975	Social effects on Industrial Revolution	women and children cheap labor, reforms to end child labor, expansion of education, women's suffrage demand increased	32
4080608181	Cotton Gin	separated seedpods from fiber; increased demand for slave labor	33
4080612250	U.S. and Britian	outlawed slave trade then slavery	34
4080614615	Labor Unions	strikes for better wages and improved working conditions; lobbied for laws to improve lives of workers; wanted workers' rights and collective bargaining between labor and management	35
4080622912	Enclosure Movement	improved agricultural productivity and legal protection of private property	36
4080626175	Spinning Jenny	cotton	37
4080627541	Water Frame	required source of power	38
4080627542	Mule	combined Jenny and Water Frame	39
4080630087	Steam Engine	transformed fossil fuels into energy; on boats	40
4080637430	Capitalism	economic system based on private ownership and on investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit	41
4080642807	Socialism	economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the people and operate for the welfare of all	42
4080646512	communism	economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people, private property does not exist, and all goods and services are shared equally	43
4080655315	Communist Manifesto	Karl Marx; political pamphlet	44
4080668648	zaibatsu	conglomerates of mills and factories that were sold to private investors	45
4080670487	Sino-Japanese War	defeat of China over Korea	46
4080684030	mercantilism	economic system centered around the belief that a government can make a nation more prosperous by regulating trade and using tariffs and other protective measures to achieve a balance of exports over imports	47
4080686540	conservatism	opposed revolutionary goals; advocated restoration of monarchy and defense of church	48
4080686541	liberalism	stressed limited state interference in individual life, representation of propertied people in government; urged importance of constitutional rule of parliaments	49
4080686542	radicalism	advocated broader voting rights than liberals; in some cases advocated outright democracy; urged reforms in favor of the lower classes	50
4080709528	Colonial Govt's in Latin America	mirrored home govt's	51
4080712911	Catholicism	influenced development of Latin American colonies	52
4080718239	major element of colonial economy in Latin America	mining of precious metals for export	53
4080721489	outposts of colonial authority in Latin America	Havana, Mexico City, Lima, Sao Paulo, Bueno Aires	54
4080727892	Rigid class structure of Latin America	Viceroys, Creoles, Mestizos	55
4080729479	Viceroys	conquistadors given gov't authority by the crown	56
4080735356	Haiti	slaves rebelled, abolished slavery, won independence	57
4080738718	Latin America Independent Countries	Mexico, Haiti, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil	58
4080740762	Monroe Doctrine	issued by James Monroe in 1823; alerted European powers that American continents should not be considered for any future colonization, or else would be regarded as a threat	59
4080757498	French Society	divided into three Estates; 1st is clergy, 2nd is nobility, 3rd is bourgeoisie (middle class), city poor, country peasants	60
4080767776	Tennis Court Oath	national assembly formed	61
4080773571	Napoleonic Code	based on Enlightenment ideas; uniform set of law, equality of all citizens, placed state above the individual; limited freedom of speech and press	62
4080783160	Greek Revolution	Greek independence in 1830	63
4080784941	Revolutions of France 1848	mostly failed to bring permanent reform	64
4080901451	Causes of French Revolution	influences of enlightenment ideas and american revolution	65
4080913250	Events of French Revolution	Storming of the Bastille and Reign of Terror	66
4080916442	Outcomes of French Revolution	secular society, nationalism, democratic ideas	67
4080923841	Congress of Vienna	attempt to restore Europe as it was before the French Revolution and Napolean; "Balance of Power" doctrine; restoration of monarchies, new political map of Europe, liberalism and conservatism	68
4080934686	Cause of nationalism	national pride, economic competition, democratic ideals	69
4080935929	Italy and Germany	displeased with Congress of Vienna	70
4080937944	UK	expanded political rights through legislation and made slavery illegal in Britian	71
4080940297	Papal States and Rome	became last to join Italy	72
4080943612	Realpolitik	justifies all means to achieve and hole power (ex: Bismark's actions)	73
4080947992	Franco-Prussian War	creation of German State	74
4080961473	Rise of Imperialism	industrial nations in Europe needed natural resources and markets to expand economies; nations competed to control Africa and Asia to secure personal economic and political success	75
4080971222	Imperialism	spread of economic, political, and social philosophies of Europe throughout the world; resistance of colonized people from European domination in trade	76
4080978692	Forms of Imperialism	colonies, protectorates, spheres of influence	77
4080980315	imperialism in Africa and Asia	Christian missionary efforts, spheres of influence China, Suez Canal, East India Company's domination of Indian state, America's opening of Japan to trade	78
4080989359	Response to colonized peoples to Imperialism	armed conflict ( ex: Boxer Rebellion in China), rise of nationalism (first Indian nationalist party in 1800s)	79
4080993496	colonies/colonial imperialism	country or region governed internally by a foreign power	80
4080997020	protectorate/political imperialism	country or territory with its own internal gov't under control of an outside power	81
4080998829	spheres of influence/economic imperialism	area in which outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges	82
4081016646	Suez Canal	Red Sea to Mediterranean Sea	83
4081018530	Panama Canal	Atlantic to Pacific Ocean	84
4081021359	Northern Africa on Imperialism	Muhammad Ali (Egypt), British and French influence	85
4081023728	Cape Colony	South Africa, Dutch	86
4081026752	Great Trek	movement of Dutch-speaking colonists into South Africa	87
4081028641	Zulu	Bantu ethnic group	88
4081030762	Cecil Rhodes	prime minister of Cape Colony	89
4081032228	Boer War	Boers vs. British; fought over gold	90
4081036710	Explorers and Missionaries of Imperialism	David Livingstone and Henry Stanley	91
4081042744	Scramble for Africa	1875-1900; Berlin Conference (1884) where Europe decided Africa would be divided up, excluding Ethiopia and Liberia, and Africa wasn't invited	92
4081050108	Charles Darwin	Social Darwinism; scientific racism shown in "The Origins of Species"	93
4081053815	Nawabs	Muslim princes of former Mogul Empire in India	94
4081055816	Company men	staffed European outposts in India	95
4081057692	Sepoys	Indian troops to assist in protection of European outposts	96
4081059736	British Raj	rule of British in India	97
4081062824	Result of Sepoy Rebellion	direct imperial rule by British	98
4081064168	Treaty of Nanking	marked end of Opium War	99
4081065636	Taiping Rebellion	Chinese civil war; Christians vs. Qing	100
4081068610	Australia and New Zealand	tropical dependencies, then became settler colonies	101
4081080883	American Revolution Causes	-British debt/imposition of taxes/tariffs on colonies -challenges to local autonomy -ideas of enlightenement such as popular sovereignty, consent of the governed, and natural rights	102
4081080884	American Revolution Short Term Outcomes	-independence from britian -political authority still in hands of existing elites who led the revolution -property requirements for voting lowered, more white men of modest means elected to state legislatures	103
4081095697	American Revolution Long Term Outcomes	-U.S. most democratic country -influence other revolutions/govt's such as Haitians -U.S. became world power economically and politically	104
4081102940	American Revolution and French Revolution Similarities	Enlightenment ideas provided impetus	105
4081112435	American Revolution struggle for independence similar to...	Haitian and Latin American Rebellions	106
4081114801	American Revolution and French Revolution Differences	-American Revolution was a decolonizing struggle -French Revolution caused in large part by class differences within its society -French Revolution placed women's rights on the table but did not advance them -French Revolution much more violent -ideas of French Revolution spread through conquest	107
4081132612	French Revolution Causes	-Inspired by American Revolution and Enlightenment ideas -economic instability led to attempt by monarchy to collect new taxes -class differences -creation of National Assembly by Third Estate	108
4081142099	French Revolution Short Term Outcomes	-overthrow and execution of monarchy -establishment of a republic -abolishment of catholic church as state religion -more land available to peasants -universal suffrage -temporary abolition of slavery -Radicalization and Terror -Rise of Napolean	109
4081154363	French Revolution Long Term Outcomes	-Napolean reversed relationship with Church and suppressed the revolution's more democratic elements in a military dictatorship through kept emphasis on social equality for men -end of Napolean led to temporary return of monarchy	110
4081170884	Similarities in All Revolutions	women did not gain much	111
4081175757	Haitian Revolution Causes	-richest colony in world due to sugar -divided society; rich white landowners, other whites, and slaves so ideas of French Revolution led to greater economic autonomy for the colony, more equitable political participation, and/or the end of the entire slave labor system	112
4081192705	Haitian Revolution Short Term Outcomes	Slave uprising of 1791 led to over a decade of violent internal conflict and attacks from abroad, but eventually to first successful slave uprising in the world, and second independent state in the Americas	113
4081200718	Haitian Revolution Long Term Outcomes	-destruction of plantation system -enduring poverty due to French debt and American boycotts -inspired slave rebellions elsewhere in order to account for loss of sugar -resulted in more conservative independence gov't in rest of Latin America	114
4081218090	Haitian Revolution Similarities	-American: overthrew a colonial ruler -French: class division	115
4081222781	Haitian Revolution Differences	complete political and social overhaul since economic, social, and political structures were completely remade	116
4081229733	Spanish American Revolutions Causes	-preceding events in Haiti, U.S., and France -new taxes placed upon residents of New Spain -familiar with Enlightenment ideas, but did not encourage widespread revolt -events in europe -creoles tried to control the outcome of the revolution by promising much to the underclasses to prevent the violence seen in France and Haiti -military struggles led to Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin	117
4081252063	Spanish American Revolutions Short Term Outcomes	independent South American nations led by white minorites	118
4081255124	Spanish American Revolutions Long Term Outcomes	Latin America reversed its revered status by the 19th century to become increasingly impoverished, underdeveloped, and undemocratic	119
4081263396	Spanish American Revolutions Similarities	-American: Spanish elites resented the new taxes imposed by the Spanish crown -French and American: societal distinctions were maintained after the revolution	120
4081273310	Spanish American Revolutions Differences	-less influenced by Enlightenment ideas -occurred almost 50 years later -inability of uniting Latin American colonies into one united republic post independence	121
4081294884	James Hargreaves	Spinning jenny	122
4081294885	James Watt	Steam engine	123
4081294886	Eli Whitney	Cotton gin	124
4081294887	Henry Bessemer	Process for making steel	125
4081294888	Edward Jenner	Development of smallpox vaccination	126
4081294889	Louis Pasteur	Discovery of bacteria	127
4081294890	Adam Smith	Wrote the Wealth of Nations; capitalist	128
4081294891	Karl Marx	Wrote The Communist Manifesto & Das Kapital; wrote it in response to the injustices of capitalism; socialism/communism	129
4081294892	Nicholaus Copernicus	Developed heliocentric theory	130
4081294893	Johannes Kepler	Discovered planetary motion	131
4081294894	Galileo Galilei	Used telescope to support heliocentric theory	132
4081294895	Isaac Newton	Formulated law of gravity	133
4081294896	William Harvey	Discovered circulation of the blood	134
4081294897	Johann Sebastian Bach	Baroque composer	135
4081294898	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart	Classical composer	136
4081294899	Eugene Delacroix	Influential French painter	137
4081294900	Miguel de Cervantes	Novelist; wrote Don Quixote	138
4081294901	Voltaire	Philosopher; separation of church and state; religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism	139
4081294902	John Locke	Wrote Two Treatises on Government; people are sovereign and consent to government for protection; natural rights: life, liberty, property, etc.	140
4081294903	Montesquieu	Wrote The Spirit of Laws; separation of power (branches of government)	141
4081294904	Thomas Hobbes	Wrote Leviathan; humans exist in a primitive "state of nature" and consent to government for self-protection	142
4081294905	Jean-Jacques Rousseau	Wrote The Social Contract; government is a contract between rulers and the people	143
4081294906	Thomas Jefferson	Wrote Declaration of Independence; incorporated enlightenment ideas	144
4081294907	Toussaint L'Overture	Former slave who led Haitian rebellion against French; defeated armies of Spain, France, and Britain	145
4081294908	Simon Bolivar	Wealthy creole military officer; led revolutionary efforts; liberated northern areas of Latin America; victories in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador (Gran Colombia); Jamaica Letter	146
4081294909	Father Miguel Hidalgo	Priest who started Mexican independence movement	147
4081294910	Count Cavour	Unified northern Italy	148
4081294911	Giuseppe Garibaldi	Joined southern Italy to northern Italy (unification of southern Italy)	149
4081294912	Otto von Bismarck	Prime minister of Prussia; unification of Germany	150
4081294913	Peter the Great	Westernization of Russia	151
4081294914	Oliver Cromwell	Leader of England's Parliament's military forces; "Lord	152
4081294915	Protector"		153
4081294916	William & Mary	Had power during the Glorious Revolution	154
4081294917	Charles I	Opposed the Puritans; believed in Divine Right of Kings; petition of Right; executed in 1649	155
4081294918	Charles II	Constitutional monarchy; restoration; Habeas Corpus	156
4081294919	Louis XIV	Absolute monarch of France; Palace of Versailles as a symbol of royal power	157
4081294920	Louis XVI	Called Estates General: consultative body, represented the three estates; Support of American Revolution: war debts	158
4081294921	Napoleon	Ruler during French Revolution; unsuccessful attempt to unify Europe under French domination; codified laws; awakening of feelings of national pride and growth of nationalism	159