Chapter 29 ap world history Flashcards

6267542326	Industrialization	refers to a process that transformed agrarian and handi-centered economies into economies distinguished by industry and machine manufacture	0
6267542327	Technological developments	Made it possible to produce goods by machines rather than by hand and that harnessed inanimate sources of energy such as COAL and PETROLEUM	1
6267542328	Organizational changes	accompanied technological developments	2
6267542329	End of 19th century	The factory had become the predominant site of industrial production in Europe, the United States, and Japan.	3
6267542330	Mid 19th century	Many giant corporations had joined together to control trade through trusts and cartels	4
6267542331	High population	encouraged occupational specialization and permitted many individuals to work at tasks other than cultivation	5
6267542332	Ecological obstacles	SOIL DEPLETION & DEFORESTATION threatened continued population growth and consumption levels.	6
6267542333	coal	played a crucial role in the industrialization of Great Britian.	7
6267542334	wood	until the 18th century it had served as the primary source of fuel for iron production, home eaing, and cooking.	8
6267542335	Substitution of coal for wood	The fortunate conjunction of COAL deposits and e skills necessary to extract this fuel encouraged the substitution of coal for wood, thus creating a promisingf ramework for industrialization	9
6267542336	calicoes	inexpensive, brightly printed textiles imported. Cotton cloth became the pricapal fabric of european clothes before the 19th century.	10
6267542337	British wool producers	persuaded parliament to pass a series of laws to protect the domestic wool industry because they were threatened by the popularity of cotton products.	11
6267542338	The Calico Act	Act of 1720 and 1721 prohibited imports of printed cotton cloth and restricted the sale of calicoes at home.	12
6267542339	Increase of cotton production	Demand for cotton was so trong that producers had to speed up spinning and weaving to supply growing domestic and foreign markets. to increase production, they turned to inventions that rapidly mechaized the cotton textile industry.	13
6267542340	1730s	artisans began to develop labor-saving devices for spinning and weaving cotton, thereby moving away from hand0based techniques derived from wool and linen industries.	14
6267542341	John Kay	a mechanic that invented the flying shuttle. This device speeded up the weaving process and stimulated demand for thread.	15
6267542342	Samuel Crompton	The most important invention was samuel crompton's "mule," built in 1799. Adapted for steam power by 1790, the mule became the device of choice for spinning cotton.	16
6267542343	Edmund Cartwright	1785 a clergyman without training or experience in either mechanics or textiles, patented a water-driven power loom that inaugurated an era of mechanical weaving.	17
6267542344	1830	half a million people worked in cotton business, Britians leading industry, which accounted for 40 percent of exports.	18
6267542345	James Watt	inventor of the most crucial technological break through of the early industrial era, the development of a general-purpose steam engine in 1765, an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow in Scotland.	19
6267542346	horsepower	Watt's contemporaries used the term horsepower to measure the energy generated by his steam engine, which did the work numerous animals.	20
6267542347	Henry Bessemer	Built a refined blast furnace known as the Bessemer converter that made it possible to produce steel cheaply and in large quantities.	21
6267542348	George	a self educated englishman, built the fisrt steam powered locomotive.	22