AP World History Chapter 21 Flashcards

5284654749	Janissaries	Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the sultan.	0
5284674032	Vizier	The highest office in the Egyptian governmental hierarchy below the king. (a sort of prime minister.)	1
5284674336	Safavid Dynasty	Founded by a Turkic nomad family with Shi'a Islamic beliefs; established a kingdom in Iran and ruled until 1722.	2
5284678202	Sail al-Din	Early 14th century Sufi mystic; began campaign to purify Islam; first member of Safavid dynasty.	3
5284681802	Isma'il	Founder of Shia Islam known as religious tyrant who killed any citizen who didn't convert.	4
5284705782	Battle of Chaldiran	Important battle between the Safavids and Ottomans in 1514; Ottoman victory demonstrated the importance of firearms and checked the western advance of their Shi'a state.	5
5284708609	Abbas I	Also known as Abbas the Great; Safavid ruler from 1587 to 1629; extended Safavid domain to greatest extent; created slave regiments based on captured Russians, who monopolized firearms within Safavid armies; incorporated Western military technology.	6
5284711813	Imams	Spiritual leaders of Shi'ah Islam, said to be direct descendents of Muhammad.	7
5284716122	Mughal Dynasty	Established by Babur in India in 1526; the name is taken from the supposed Mongol descent of Babur, but there is little indication of any Mongol influence in the dynasty; became weak after rule of Aurangzeb in first decades of 18th century.	8
5284719107	Babur	Founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1526; died in 1530.	9
5284731186	Humayan	Son and successor of Babur; expelled from India in 1540, but restored Mughal rule by 1556; died shortly thereafter.	10
5284731187	Akbar	Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus.	11
5284736384	Din-i-Liani	Religion initiated by Akbar in Mughal India; blended elements of the many faiths of the subcontinent; key to efforts to reconcile Hindu and Muslims in India, but failed.	12
5284738616	Sati	Ritual in India of immolating surviving widows with the bodies of their deceased husbands.	13
5284742336	Taj Mahal	Beautiful mausoleum at Agra built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (completed in 1649) in memory of his favorite wife.	14
5284755971	Nur Jahan	Wife of Jahangir; amassed power in court and created faction of male relatives who dominated Mughal Empire during later years of Jahangir's reign.	15
5284759105	Aurangzeb	Mughal emperor in India and great-grandson of Akbar 'the Great', under whom the empire reached its greatest extent, only to collapse after his death.	16
5284761923	Ottomans	Turks who had come to Anatolia in the same wave of migrations as the Seljuks.	17
5284765695	Red Heads	Name given to Safavid followers because of their distinctive red headgear.	18
5284767560	Shah	Title for the former hereditary monarch of the Mughal Empire.	19
5284780399	Jizya	Tax paid by Christians and Jews who lived in Muslim communities to allow them to continue to practice their own religion.	20
5284780400	Mumtaz Mahal	Shah Jahan's wife who had a building named after her (Taj Mahal) , as he was only passinate about her and beautiful buildings.	21
5284784193	Mehmed II	Also called Mehmed the Conqueror, Murad's son, conquered Constaninople in 1453 and opened it to new citizens of many religions and backgrounds. The rebuilt city was renamed Istanbul.	22