AP World History Chapter 8 Flashcards

5701961289	Confucius	Aristocratic roots. Unwilling to compromise principle. Decade of unemployment, wandering. Returned home a failure, died soon thereafter.	0
5701961290	Kong Fuzi	(551-479 B.C.E.) Master philosopher. Also known as Confucius.	1
5701961291	Analects	Confucius teachings	2
5701961292	Confucian Ideas	Ethics and politics (avoided religion and metaphysics), Junzi, and Zhou dynasty texts.	3
5701961293	Junzi	"superior individuals" Role in government service.	4
5701961294	Zhou	Confucian ideas emphasized __ dynasty texts which later formed core texts of Chinese education.	5
5701961295	Confucian Values	Ren, Li, Xiao. Traits lead to development of Junzi (ideal leaders).	6
5701961296	Ren	Confucian value of kindness and benevolence.	7
5701961297	Li	Confucian value of propriety, politeness, decorum, and modest behavior.	8
5701961298	Xiao	Confucian Value of filial piety.	9
5701961299	Mencius	(372-289 B.C.E.) Principle Confucian scholar. Optimist, belief in power of ren. Not influential during lifetime but now considered prime exponent of Confucian thought since tenth century.	10
5701961300	Xunzi	(298-238 B.C.E.) Career as government administrator. Belief in fundamental selfishness of humanity. Emphasis on li, rigid propriety. Discipline.	11
5701961301	Daoism	Critics of Confucianism. Passivism, rejection of active attempts to change the course of events.	12
5701961302	Laozi	sixth century B.C.E. Founder of Daoism.	13
5701961303	Daoism Literature	The Daodejing (Classic of the Way and of Virtue) and Zhuangzi (named for author, 369-286 B.C.E.)	14
5701961304	"The Way"	of nature, of the cosmos. Just to be not to get involved in things.	15
5701961305	The Doctrine of Wuwei	Attempt to control universe results in chaos. Restore order by disengagement (no advanced education, no ambition). Simple living in harmony with nature. Cultivate self-knowledge.	16
5701961306	Confucianism; Daoism	______ as public doctrine; ___ as private pursuit.	17
5701961307	Lagalism	Chinese philosophy that emerged during the Zhou Dynasty	18
5701961308	Qin Dynasty	Legalism helped return order to China during the rise of the ___ ___ (emphasis on development of the state; ruthless, end justifies the means).	19
5701961309	Collective Responsibility	a concept in which individuals are responsible for other people's actions by tolerating, ignoring, or harboring them, without actively collaborating in these actions.	20
5701961310	Shang Yang	(390-338 B.C.E.), The Book of Lord Shang. Chief minister to the Qin Duke.	21
5701961311	Han Feizi	(280-233 B.C.E.) Advisor at the Qin court. Forced to commit suicide by political enemies.	22
5701961312	Qin Dynasty	Developed 4th to 3rd centuries B.C.E.	23
5701961313	Shang Yang	Gave generous land grants. Private farmers decrease power of large landholders. Increasing centralization of power.	24
5701961314	Qin Shihuangdi	()r. 221-210 B.C.E) founds new dynasty as "First Emperor" Dynasty ends in 207, but sets dramatic precedent.	25
5701961315	Centralized bureaucracy	Basis of Qin Shihuangdi's rule	26
5701961316	Great Wall	Qin Shihuangdi began massive public works including the precursor to _____ ____.	27
5701961317	Resistance to Qin Policies	Emperor orders execution of all critics. orders burning of all ideological works. Some 460 scholars buried alive. Others exiled. Massive cultural losses.	28
5701961318	Qin Centralization	Standardized laws, currencies, weights and measures, script (previously single language written in distinct scripts). Building of roads and bridges.	29
5701961319	Massive Tomb Projects	Built by 700,000 workers (for Qin Shihuangdi - died 210 B.C.E.). Slaves, concubines, and craftsmen sacrifices and buried. Excavated in 1974, 15,000 terra-cotta sculptures of soldiers, horses, and weapons unearthed.	30
5701961320	Qin	Civil disorder brings down ___ dynasty.	31
5701961321	Lui Bang	forms new dynasty: The Han (206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.)	32
5701961322	Han Dynasty Periods	Former Han (206 B.C.E.-9 C.E.) Interruption (9-23 C.E.) Later Han (25-220 B.C.E)	33
5701961323	Qin	Liu Bang avoids the tyranny of the ___ Dynasty.	34
5701961324	Zhou	Liu Bang wants to avoid anarchy of regional governors associated with the decline of the ____.	35
5701961325	Early Han Policies	Liu Bang attempts to avoid the mistakes of previous dynasties and forges a middle path. He created large landholdings to members of the imperial family, but maintained centralized control over administrative regions. (After a failed rebellion, Liu Bang will take more central control.)	36
5701961326	Han Wudi	The "Martial Emperor" (141-87 B.C.E.) Increased taxes to fund more public works. Huge demand for government officials (had been in decline since Qin persecution)	37
5701961327	imperial university	Han Wudi establishes a(n) _________ in 124 B.C.E. Not a lover of scholarship, but demanded educated class for bureaucracy. 3000 student by end of Former Han, 30,000 by Later Han.	38
5701961328	Confucianism	adopted as official course of study at Han Wudi's imperial university.	39
5701961329	Xiongu	Nomads from central Asia. Horsemen. Brutal	40
5701961330	Maodun	(210-174 B.C.E.) had soldiers murder his wife and father. Xiongnu.	41
5701961331	Classic of Filial Piety	Writing supporting subordination to elder males.	42
5701961332	Lessons for Women	Ban Zhao (45-120 C.E.) Education should be available to all children.	43
5701961333	Iron Metallurgy	Expansion of iron manufacture (iron tips on tools abandoned as tools entirely made of iron). Increased food production. Superior weaponry (cross bow).	44
5701961334	Silkworms	Han dynasty began the breeding, diet control, and cultivation of ________	45
5701961335	Wang Mang	(9-23 C.E.) Regent for two-year old emperor but takes power himself. Introduces massive reforms (the "socialist emperor," land redistribution, but poorly handled). Social chaos ends in his assassination.	46
5701961336	Interruption Period	Wang Mang begins a(n) _______ for the Han Dynasty.	47
5701961337	Yellow Turban Uprising	land distribution problems led to this.	48