AP World History - Chapter 16 Flashcards

4098176912	The Protestant Reformation is said to have begun with:	Martin Luther's rejection of papal authority.	0
4098181615	Unlike the Roman Catholic Church and Martin Luther, John Calvin:	taught that salvation was predestined.	1
4098185761	Contemporaneous with the Scientific Revolution was the movement known as the Enlightenment. This movement:	taught that human reason could discover the laws that governed social behavior.	2
4098189785	The French class known as the bourgeoisie is best described as:	the city dwellers who owned businesses.	3
4098196271	The Dutch government's method of funding businesses for overseas exploration was to grant companies monopolies over trade in as area. The companies then sold shares to spread the risk. This practice is known as:	using a joint-stock company.	4
4098200146	One impact of the growth of manufacturing in urban areas between 1500 and 1750 was that:	many rural poor moved to the towns and cities in hopes of better jobs.	5
4098206152	Unlike in other parts of the world, young men and women in early modern Europe:	often chose their own spouses.	6
4098208838	For the most part, early modern Europe was made up of:	city-states, principalities, and loose federations of states.	7
4098210311	The English Civil War:	was caused by Charles I ignoring limits on his powers and the rights of the Parliament.	8
4098217564	Which of the following would be a good example of both a theme park for royal absolutism and Baroque architecture?	The palace of Louis XIV at Versailles.	9
4098222290	As the cost of warfare, in both human and financial terms, increased in the early eighteenth century, European states:	began to form temporary alliances to prevent any one state from becoming too powerful.	10
4098226746	By the seventeenth century, Spain, which had been the most powerful European state in the sixteenth century:	spent so heavily on wars and its growing empire that it ended up bankrupt.	11
4098230922	Which of the following is true of the period from 1500 to 1750?	Although there was broad economic growth in Europe, life for peasants and laborers did not improve much.	12
4098237169	Papacy	the central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head.	13
4098239342	Indulgence	the forgiveness of punishment due for past sins, granted by the Catholic Church authorizes as a reward for a pious act.	14
4098242643	Protestant Reformation	religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. It resulted in the "protesters" forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran and Reformed Churches and the Church of England.	15
4098251138	Catholic Reformation	religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical thinking and discipline.	16
4098262109	Witch-hunt	the pursuit of people suspected of witchcraft, especially in northern Europe in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.	17
4098265576	Scientific Revolution	the intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the seventeenth century had laid the groundwork for modern science.	18
4098274274	Enlightenment	a philosophical movement in eighteenth century Europe that fostered the belief that one could reform society by discovering rational laws that governed social behavior and were just as scientific as the laws of physics.	19
4098283412	Bourgeoisie	in early modern Europe, the class of well-off town dwellers whose wealth came from manufacturing, finance, commerce, and allied professions.	20
4098301314	Joint-stock Company	a business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors.	21
4098307210	Stock Exchange	a place where shares in a company or business enterprise are bought and sold.	22
4098311202	Gentry	the class of landholding families in England below the aristocracy.	23
4098313219	Little Ice Age	a century-long period of cool climate that began in the 1590's. Its ill effects on agriculture in northern Europe were notable.	24
4098320090	Deforestation	the removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.	25
4098321973	Holy Roman Empire	loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806.	26
4098327101	Habsburg	a powerful European family that provided many Holy Roman emperors, founded that Austrian Empire, and ruled sixteenth and seventeenth century Spain.	27
4098332625	English Civil War	(1642-1649) A conflict over royal versus parliamentary rights, caused by King Charles I's arrest of his parliamentary critics and ending with his execution.	28
4098339516	Versailles	the huge palace built for French king Louis XIV south of Paris. It symbolized both French power and the triumph of royal authority over the French nobility.	29
4098346042	Balance of Power	the policy in international relations by which, beginning in the eighteenth century, the major European states acted together to prevent any one of them from becoming too powerful.	30
4098351612	Tax Farmer	a system for collecting taxes and other state revenues from the population.	31