AP World History 16 Flashcards

5940916760	bhakti	Hindu devotional movement that flourished in the early modern era, emphasizing music, dance, poetry, and rituals as means by which to achieve direct union with the divine	0
5940920624	Catholic Counter-Reformation	an internal reform of the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century; thanks especially to the work of the Council of Trent, Catholic leaders clarified doctrine, corrected abuses and corruption, and put a new emphasis on education and accountability	1
5940925542	Condorcet and the idea of progress	the Marquis de Condorcet was a French philosopher and political scientist who argued that human affairs were moving into an era of near-infinite improvability, with slavery, racism, tyranny, and other human trials swept away by the triumph of reason	2
5940931376	Copernicus, Nicolaus	Polish mathematician and astronomer who was the first to argue for the existence of a heliocentric cosmos	3
5940933071	COUNCIL OF TRENT	the main instrument of the Catholic Counter-Reformation, at which the Catholic Church clarified doctrine and corrected abuses	4
5940935365	Darwin, Charles	highly influential English biologist whose theory of natural selection continues to be seen by many as a threat to revealed religious truth	5
5940935366	deism	belief in divine being who created the cosmos but who does not intervene directly in human affairs	6
5940939145	EDICT OF NANTES	1598 edict issued by French king Henry IV that granted considerable religious toleration to French Protestants and ended the French Wars of Religion	7
5940945012	European Enlightenment	European intellectual movement of the eighteenth century that applied the lessons of the Scientific Revolution to human affairs and was noted for its commitment to open-mindedness and inquiry and the belief that knowledge could transform human society	8
5940948068	Freud, Sigmund	Austrian doctor and the father of the modern psychoanalysis; his theories about the operation of the human mind and emotions remain influential today	9
5940950384	Galilei, Galileo	Italian astronomer who further developed the ideas of Copernicus and whose work was eventually suppressed by the Catholic Church	10
5940951661	huacas	local gods of the Andes	11
5940952270	HUGUENOTS	the Protestant minority in France	12
5943683262	Jesuits in China	series of Jesuit missionaries in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries who, inspired by the work of Matteo Ricci, made extraordinary efforts to understand and become a part of Chinese culture in their efforts to convert the Chinese elite, although with limited success	13
5943684818	kaozheng	Literally, "research based on evidence"; Chinese intellectual movement whose practitioners emphasized the importance of evidence and analysis, applied especially to historical documents	14
5946005847	Luther, Martin	German priest and theologian who inaugurated the Protestant Reformation movement in Europe	15
5946008376	Marx, Karl	German philosopher whose view of human history as a class struggle formed the basis of socialism	16
5946009653	Mirabai	one of India's most beloved bhakti poets, she helped break down the barriers of caste the tradition	17
5946011525	Nanak, Guru	the founder of Sikhism	18
5946011526	Newton, Isaac	English natural scientist whose formulation of the laws of motion and mechanics is regarded as the culmination of the Scientific Revolution	19
5946015492	Ninety-five Theses	list of ninety-five debating points about the abuses of the Church, posted by Martin Luther on the door of a church in Wittenberg in 1517; the Church's strong reaction eventually drove Luther to separate from Catholic Christianity	20
5946017568	Protestant Reformation	Massive schism within Christianity that had its formal beginning in 1517 with the German priest Martin Luther; while the leaders of the movement claimed that they sought to "reform" a Church that had fallen from biblical practice, in reality the movement was radically innovative in its challenge to Church authority and its endorsement of salvation "by faith alone"	21
5946019586	Ricci, Matteo	the most famous Jesuit missionary in China in the early modern period ; active in China from 1582 to 1610	22
5946021196	Scientific Revoultion	great European intellectual and cultural transformation that was based on the principles of the scientific method	23
5946021197	SIKHISM	religious tradition of northern India founded by Guru Nanak ca.1500; combines elements of Hinduism and Islam and proclaims the brotherhood of all humans and the equality of men and women	24
5946024803	Society of Jesus	also called "Jesuits," this Catholic religious society was founded to encourage the renewal of Catholicism through education and preaching; it soon became a leading Catholic missionary order beyond the borders of Europe	25
5946027173	Taki Onqoy	Literally, "dancing sickness"; a religious revival movement in central Peru in the 1560s whose members preached the imminent destruction of Christianity and of the Europeans in favor of a renewed Andean golden age	26
5946029566	Thirty Years' War	highly destructive war that eventually included most of Europe; fought for the most part between Protestants and Catholics, the conflict ended with the Peace of Westphalia	27
5946031326	Voltaire	pen name of the French philosopher Francois-Marie Arouet, whose work is often taken as a model of Enlightenment questioning of traditional values and attitudes; noted for his deism and his criticism of traditional religion	28
5946033934	Wahhabi Islam	major Islamic movement led by the Muslim theologian Abd al-Wahhab that advocated an austere lifestyle and strict adherence to the sharia	29
5946040657	Wang Yangrim	prominent Chinese philosopher who argued that it was possible to achieve a virtuous life by introspection, without the extensive of traditional Confucianism	30