American Pageant Chapter 20 Flashcards

5943647185	Fort Sumter	South Carolina location where Confederate forces fired the first shots of the Civil War in April of 1861, after Union forces attempted to provision the fort.	0
5943647182	Alabama	British-built and manned Confederate warship that raided Union shipping during the Civil War. One of many built by the British for the Confederacy, despite Union protests.	1
5943647194	West Virginia	Mountainous region that broke away from Virginia in 1861 to form its own state after Virginia seceded from the Union. Most of the residents of West Virginia were independent farmers and miners who did not own slaves and thus opposed the Confederate cause.	2
5943647192	Trent Affair	Diplomatic row that threatened to bring the British into the Civil War on the side of the Confederacy, after a Union warship stopped a British steamer and arrested two Confederate diplomats on board.	3
5943647183	Border States	Five slave states—Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia—that did not secede during the Civil War. To keep the states in the Union, Abraham Lincoln insisted that the war was not about abolishing slavery but rather protecting the Union.	4
5943647188	Laird rams	Two well-armed ironclad warships constructed for the Confederacy by a British firm. Seeking to avoid war with the United States, the British government purchased the two ships for its Royal Navy instead.	5
5943647184	Dominion of Canada	Unified Canadian government created by Britain to bolster Canadians against potential attacks or overtures from the United States.	6
5943647195	writ of habeas corpus	Petition requiring law enforcement officers to present detained individuals before the court to examine the legality of the arrest. Protects individuals from arbitrary state action. Suspended by Lincoln during the Civil War.	7
5943647191	New York draft riots	Uprising, mostly of working-class Irish-Americans, in protest of the draft. Rioters were particularly incensed by the ability of the rich to hire substitutes or purchase exemptions.	8
5943647189	Morrill Tariff Act	Increased duties back up to 1846 levels to raise revenue for the Civil War.	9
5943647186	Greenbacks	Paper currency issued by the Union Treasury during the Civil War. Inadequately supported by gold, Greenbacks fluctuated in value throughout the war, reaching a low of 39 cents on the dollar.	10
5943647190	National Banking System	Network of member banks that could issue currency against purchased government bonds. Created during the Civil War to establish a stable national currency and stimulate the sale of war bonds.	11
5943647187	Homestead Act	A federal law that gave settlers 160 acres of land for about $30 if they lived on it for five years and improved it by, for instance, building a house on it. The act helped make land accessible to hundreds of thousands of westward-moving settlers, but many people also found disappointment when their land was infertile or they saw speculators grabbing up the best land.	12
5943647193	U.S. Sanitary Commission	Founded with the help of Elizabeth Blackwell, the government agency trained nurses, collected medical supplies, and equipped hospitals in an effort to help the Union Army. The commission helped professionalize nursing and gave many women the confidence and organizational skills to propel the women's movement in the postwar years.	13
5943707038	Charles Francis Adams	The U.S. minister to England during the Civil War who kept the pressure on the British government to pay for destroyed shipping.	14
5943707039	Napoleon III	The European leader who was openly unfriendly to the Union during the Civil War.	15
5943707040	Maximilian	The Austrian noblemen who served as France's puppet leader of Mexico during the Civil War.	16
5943708513	Jefferson Davis	The Civil War leader who was consistently challenged by states' rights politicians and who was even threatened by impeachment.	17
5943708514	Elizabeth Blackwell	An abolitionist, women's rights activist, and the first female physician in the United States.	18
5943710189	Clara Barton	Nurse during the Civil War, started the American Red Cross	19
5943713395	Sally Tompkins	She opened a Richmond infirmary for wounded Confederate soldiers and was awarded the rank of Captain by Jefferson Davis.	20