AP World History Chapter 22 Flashcards

6011878355	Who was Vasco de Gama?	sailed around the Cape of Good Hope voyages opened way for the Europeans to sail to the Indies	0
6011878356	What were de Gama's achievements?	rounded the cape of good hope Portuguese victory over Spain- route to Indies	1
6011878357	What did de Gama find out when he reached Calicut in India?	Their goods had little appeal to the Indians had to use silver bullion	2
6011878358	Define caravel ships.	small manueverable, sailing ship developed by the portuguese. sailed against the wind	3
6011878359	what was the ultimate task of the europeans from the 14th century onward?	To find a sea link between Europe and Asia	4
6011878360	what factor led the europeans to believe that they would make no headway with the kingdoms of Asia?	large populations and well entrenched political and economic systems of Asian kingdoms	5
6011878361	what was the portuguese lesson learned at Calicut? What was the initial portuguese response to the encounter at Calicut?	Asia had no interest in their products learned that only military force would allow them to break into the trade	6
6011878362	List the disappointments of the Europeans who arrived in Asia in the 16th and 17th centuries.	few asians interested in Christianity asian culture was thriving and diverse asians were not interested in European trade goods too few europeans to extend force over asian force	7
6011878363	Which group preceded the Portuguese in entering the market of south and southeast asia?	Muslims	8
6011878364	Define Asian Trading Network.	Arab Zone (west)- glass, carpet, tapestry- Red Sea and Persian Gulf Indian Zone-cotton textiles- Central Zone Chinese zone (eastern)-paper, porcelain, silk- China All of these products were traded: gems, salt, cinammon, cotton textiles	9
6011878365	What was the importance of the mainland kingdoms and island states of Southeast Asia?	fed mainly raw materials, precious metals, forest materials Japan and Port cities of Eastern Africa	10
6011878366	What items were traded long distances? What raw material was most valued?	luxury items such as spices, ivory, precious stones, silk cotton. Silk	11
6011878367	How were bulk items such as rice, livestock, and timber traded?	exchanged within the ports rather than over great distances	12
6011878368	How was navigation done along the Asian network?	passed along coastal routes ,charting distances with reference to towns and landmarks	13
6011878369	What was the importance of the straits of Malacca?	crucial point where the Asian sea trade converged	14
6011878370	What were the 2 general characteristics of the trading system at the time of the portuguese arrival critical to European attempts to regulate and dominate?	no central control lack of military- arab traders had no sense of common cause	15
6011878371	Who were mercantilists?	they believed that the more money you had the more powerful you were 17th to 18th century	16
6011878372	why did the Portuguese decide to use force to extract goods from asia?	Europeans did not have enough people to enter peacefully	17
6011878373	What was the importance of the Battle of Diu in 1509?	Portuguese won over a combined fleet of Egyptian and Indian vessels. Portuguese would never face an alliance of Asian sea powers again	18
6011878374	Name the ports that the portuguese established in the early 16th century?	Ormuz on the Persian Gulf in 1507 Goa in western India in 1510 Malacca in the Malayan peninsula Calicut naval bases and factories	19
6011878375	What did the portuguese want a monopoly over?	asian products especially spices to dictate higher prices over goods	20
6011878376	Were the portuguese successful in their monopoly over the Asian trading network?	not enough soldiers or ships to sustain monopolies	21
6011878377	Who emerged as the Portuguese declined?	Dutch	22
6011878378	What was Batavia?	Chief Dutch trading fortress and port are located in southeast asia. island of Japan 1620	23
6011878379	Define the Dutch trading empire.	resembled the portuguese, better armed ships and controlled the monopoly better peacefully exploited the established system	24
6011878380	How were the Dutch better than the Portuguese?	better ships and better efficiency more profit and more of an monopoly	25
6011878381	How was the dutch commercial strategy different from the portuguese?	regulate supply of nutmeg, destroyed the plants on islands they didnt control	26
6011878382	How did the dutch find great profits?	gained peacefully by wotking themselves into the Asian trading system	27
6011878383	List the areas of the Philippines the Spanish were able to conquer?	Luzon, Leyete, Java, Shulong	28
6011878384	Describe the European regimes once they went ashore.	closely resembled those the spanish imposed on Native Americans indigenous peoples lived in their traditional settlements	29
6011878385	Roman catholic missionaries had the greatest success converting whom?	Indians and outcast groups	30
6011878386	Who was Francis Xavier?	Spanish Jesuit missionary, worked in India in the 1540s among the outcast and lowercaste groups helped the poor	31
6011878387	Who was Robert di Nobili?	Italian Jesuit missionary, worked in India during the 1600s introduced strategy to convert the elites first. later adopted by the Jesuits, mission eventually failed	32
6011878388	Define Filipinos brand of Christianity	creative blend of traditional beliefs and customs and preached by a friar	33
6011878389	From what you read:list the European contributions to the Asian trading network	global flow of silver starting in America's and ending in China new routed link Europe and Cape of Good Hope new trading center introduced sea warfare in Asian trade network	34
6011878390	Who was Hongwu?	first Ming emperor in 1368 drove out Mongol influence	35
6011878391	What were the reforms introduced by the First Ming emperor?	civil service exam reinstated reinstated scholar gentry abolished chief minister subsidies for colleges	36
6011878392	What were Hongwu's reforms in court politics?	abolished chief minister all power went to the emperor public beatings	37
6011878393	What were other measures to decrease factionalism and conspiracies?	public beatings decreased factionalism	38
6011878394	How did Hongwu improve life for the common people?	promoted public works programs lowered forced labor demands promoted silk and cotton cloth production	39
6011878395	Describe the gentry households?	bought foreclosed lands from peasants	40
6011878396	What was the great boost of the people of the Yangzi region?	importation of new food crops from the Americas corn, sweet potatoes, peanuts	41
6011878397	What was the importance of Macao and Canton?	the only ports that allowed trade between europeans and China during the Ming	42
6011878398	Where was merchants wealth invested?	land	43
6011878399	What was the greatest literature accomplishment of the Ming era?	development of the Chinese novel	44
6011878400	Who was Ming emperor Yungle? Admiral Zheng He?	Yungle- launched a series of sea expeditions Zheng He- 1405-1433 led a series of seven expeditions	45
6011878401	Why did the Chinese stop the commercial voyages of Zheng He expeditions?	little value to import and trade	46
6011878402	What did Jesuit missionaries recognize?	that their scientific knowledge and technical skills were the keys to maintaining a presence at the Ming court and eventually interesting the Chinese elite in Christianity	47
6011878403	Who were Matteo Ricci and Adam Schall?	few converts to christianity spent much time in the imperial city	48
6011878404	List the reasons for Ming decline	retreat from overseas involvement incompetant rulers highly centralized structure became a liability under incompetant rulers official corruption famine, drought, cannibalism	49
6011878405	What group took control over China after the collapse of the Ming dynasty?	Jurchens or the Manchus	50
6011878406	Who was Oda Nobunaga?	Japanese daiymo; first to make extensive use of firearms	51
6011878407	Who was Toyomi Hideyoshi?	general under Nobunaga, succeeded as a leading military power in central Japan Military master of Japan in 1590	52
6011878408	What year was the Tokugawa shogunate founded?	1603	53
6011878409	What was Edo?	Tokugawa capital city, modern day Tokyo	54
6011878410	What was traded between Europe and Asia?	silver, copper, pottery, lacquerware	55
6011878411	Why did the Japanese military centralizers accept Christian missionaries?	counterforce to the militant Buddhist orders that were resisting his rise to power	56
6011878412	What led to measures to restrict foreign activities in Japan?	doubts about European intention fears that merchants and missionaries might subvert the existing social order	57
6011878413	How were Christians treated under Hideyoshi?	persecuted Christians forced them to leave	58
6011878414	Under Ieyasu, what was life like in Japan?	persecution of christians banned christianity Japanese ships could not trade	59
6011878415	Define school of national learning.	new ideology that laid emphasis on Japan's historical experience and the revival of indigenous culture at the expense of chinese imports	60
6011878416	List the policies imposed as a result of Japanese isolation in the 17th century	christianity was banned revival of neo confucianism philosophy western boats banned only could trade at Deshina island	61