AP World History - Period 2 Flashcards
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| 5221066599 | The Emperor who allowed Christians to legalize their faith? | Constantine. | 0 | |
| 5221071811 | Philosopher whose method was to constantly question everything? | Socrates | 1 | |
| 5221073867 | In order to learn the will of the Gods, the Greeks | spoke to Oracles. | 2 | |
| 5221076525 | Belief that the ruler of China was allowed to rule because of divinity/ or circumstances in which they were allowed to rule. | The mandate of Heaven. | 3 | |
| 5221085889 | Long period of political chaos in China | Age of warring states. | 4 | |
| 5221087685 | Varieties of Indian Religion | Hinduism. | 5 | |
| 5221090059 | The founder of Buddhism | Siddhartha Gautama. | 6 | |
| 5221092226 | Modified version of Buddhism that transformed Buddhism into a popular religion | Mahayana. | 7 | |
| 5221094386 | Octavian was also known as | Augustus. | 8 | |
| 5221096781 | Who won the Peloponnesian War? | Sparta. | 9 | |
| 5221098591 | If a culture lives in imitation of the Greek culture it is called | Hellenism | 10 | |
| 5221102074 | Very important family in Persia. Created empire, famous family member was Cyrus | Achaemenids. | 11 | |
| 5221109284 | Someone who seizes power and holds it in violation of the traditions of the community. | Tryant | 12 | |
| 5221113326 | Who fought in the Persian War? | Greece and Persia | 13 | |
| 5221116927 | The founder of the Achaemenid Empire and the most famous ruler of Persia. | Cyrus the Great | 14 | |
| 5221120187 | City, famous for its library, designed by Alexander the Great, in Egypt, on the Mediterranean. | Alexandria | 15 | |
| 5221123933 | Died at 32, conquered Persia, Greece, and reached Punjab | Alexander the Great. | 16 | |
| 5221125912 | What is Polis? | Greek coming together in city-states. | 17 | |
| 5221127680 | What is a satrap? | Governor of province in the Persian Empire. | 18 | |
| 5221130004 | 3 dynasties who conquered Alexander the Great's territory? | Seleucid (Seleucid Empire), Ptolemies (Ptolemaic dynasty), Antigonid (Antigonid Dynasty). | 19 | |
| 5221133320 | How did Chinese view merchants? | Very suspicious. In general, they considered merchants to be lazy and distrustful because they would sell things that didn't come from their hands and still make profit. | 20 | |
| 5221135319 | How was Rome different than the Han Dynasty? | They were never unified after their fall. | 21 | |
| 5221137095 | Ashoka was known for erecting what? | Pillars | 22 | |
| 5221141968 | This was made by who? And used for what? | Mayans, for rituals. |  | 23 |
| 5221154791 | Lao Tzu argued that | ambition and activism lead to chaos. | 24 | |
| 5221156797 | The vedic religions | Contributed to the development of the Caste System. | 25 | |
| 5221158723 | Han and Gupta empire both | fell because wealth was concentrated on a selected few. | 26 | |
| 5221160712 | Characteristics of both Qin and Han except | extreme brutality | 27 | |
| 5221174765 | Hinduism and Buddhism difference | caste system | 28 | |
| 5221176659 | Confucianism, Hinduism, and Judaism | each created guidelines | 29 | |
| 5221178434 | Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism believed in | Life after death. | 30 | |
| 5221180368 | Mathematical system that used the concept of zero. | Indian and Mayan civilizations. | 31 | |
| 5221657115 | What is a "universal religion?" | universal religions share common beliefs with other religions | 32 | |
| 5221662109 | Where did universal religions exist by 600 CE ? | Christianity & Buddhism were universal religions by 600 CE. | 33 | |
| 5221669599 | How did religions promote a sense of unity? | those who practiced the same religion shared things in common and their beliefs unified them | 34 | |
| 5221676557 | How did religions help strengthen political,economic, and cultural ties within societies? | rulers often used religion to justify their rule and religions unified societies | 35 | |
| 5221697191 | Who is the founder Judaism? | Founders Abraham and Moses | 36 | |
| 5221706137 | What are the core teachings of Judaism? | Yahweh was the only God; ten commandments; heaven, hell, salvation, judgment day. | 37 | |
| 5221734281 | Where did Hinduism originate? | originated in Indus valley with Aryan invasions | 38 | |
| 5221743251 | Core teachings of Hinduism? | Brahman was supreme spirit; reincarnation based on karma; focused on dharma and importance of caste system | 39 | |
| 5221752275 | Where was Buddhism founded? | Himilayas | 40 | |
| 5221772107 | Core teachings of Buddhism? | Eightfold Path; reach nirvana; reincarnation; Four Noble Truths; equality; rejects caste system | 41 | |
| 5221776293 | where did Buddhism spread by 600 CE ? | reached Han China, Korea, Japan, SE Asia & India by 600 CE | 42 | |
| 5221778843 | How did Buddhism spread by 600 CE ? | spread by monks, missionaries, and trade along Silk Roads | 43 | |
| 5221782545 | Who founded Confucianism? | founder was Mencius Confucius | 44 | |
| 5221792768 | Core teachings of Confucianism? | respect place in hierarchy; rule by good example | 45 | |
| 5221797936 | In Confucianism, what did Ren teach? | Ren--humanity and kindness | 46 | |
| 5221797937 | In Confucianism, what did Li teach? | Li--propriety compliance; | 47 | |
| 5221800597 | In Confucianism, what did Xiao teach? | Xiao--filial | 48 | |
| 5221810100 | Who founded Daoism? | founder was Laozi | 49 | |
| 5221815171 | Core teachings of Daoism? | Core Teachings: harmony, balance, no concept of God, simple life, go with the flow, inner peace | 50 | |
| 5221826848 | Christianity is from where? | Roman empire: west empire, Med. region north Africa, south/north Asia | 51 | |
| 5221831002 | Christiannity started from what religion? | started from Judaism | 52 | |
| 5221833825 | how did christianity spread | spread through missionaries/disciples | 53 | |
| 5221837022 | what is Syncronism | combination of 2 religions | 54 | |
| 5221840620 | What are the main characteristics of Greco-Roman philosophy and science? | Emphasized logic, imperial observation, and the nature of political power and hierarchy. | 55 | |
| 5221843255 | How did religions affect gender roles in their respective societies? | Hinduism in India - Caste system: 4 castes each had specific dharma - women stayed home as wives or mothers. | 56 | |
| 5221856590 | Who is the founder of Zoroastrianism | Prophet Zoroaster. | 57 | |
| 5221871042 | what religions did Zoroastrianism influence | Judaism, Christianity, and Islam | 58 | |
| 5221883979 | What is Shamanism | belief in people who can connect to gods and the spirits of nature | 59 | |
| 5221887136 | What is Animism | the attribution to plants, inanimate objects, and animals, the material universe | 60 | |
| 5221896483 | How did humans relate to their deceased ancestors? | For example China - believed ancestors went to realm - support and protect surviving - if proper respect given - prosperous family only if ALL members worked cooperately | 61 | |
| 5221905286 | How did art and culture develop to 600 CE ? | Greek and Indian literature and drama influenced neighbors •Homer - Iliad, Odyssey •Sophocles - Antigone, Oedipus Rex •Theater •Collesium | 62 | |
| 5221911668 | How did different societies' architectural styles develop? | through new ideas through interactions(trade) with other people with other beliefs and ideas | 63 | |
| 5221913906 | What examples of syncretism reflect the Classical Era to 600 CE ? | convergence of Greco-Roman culture and Buddhist beliefs this affected the development of unique ideas such as sculpturally, architecturally, and literary works | 64 | |
| 5221921261 | what were empires' common characteristics during the Classical Era? | An empire consists of a powerful military and great administrative systems | 65 | |
| 5221926941 | How did the number & size of Classical empires compare to the Ancient Era? | through political unity on areas where previously had been competing states | 66 | |
| 5221929733 | What were the most influential of the Classical Era empires? | Persian empire Qin and Han Dynasty Maurya and Gupta empires Hellenistic and Roman empires | 67 | |
| 5221932721 | What techniques did Classical empires create to administer their territories? | centralized governments, legal systems and bureaucracies to administer their territories | 68 | |
| 5221937068 | What new political methods were created in order to rule the larger empires in the Classical Era? | in order to keep control of the large empires emperors hired sub-emperors who supervised as emperors for their assigned area of the empire. | 69 | |
| 5221942442 | How did imperial governments let their population know that the government was "in charge?" | the military projected their power through projects such as defensive walls and roads. | 70 | |
| 5221947403 | What role did trade play in creating and maintaining empires? | establish a solid economy, creates a religion to spread or converd, people traded ideas and they learned how to build projects and forms of government | 71 | |
| 5221959296 | What unique social and economic characteristics existed in empires? | developed in imperial societies in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas. | 72 | |
| 5221961375 | What function did imperial cities perform? | centers of trade, public performances of religious rituals, and political administration for states and empires. | 73 | |
| 5221965981 | What social classes and occupations were common in empires? | hierarchies including, cultivators, laborers, slaves, artisans, merchants, elites, or caste groups. | 74 | |
| 5221968990 | What labor systems provided the workers for Classical Empires? | to maintain the production of food and provide rewards for the loyalty of the elites including corvee, slavery, rents and tributes, peasant communities and family and household production. | 75 | |
| 5221979772 | Describe the gender and family structures of Classical Era empires. | patriarchal society, men were the head of the family | 76 | |
| 5221991875 | What caused Classical Empires to decline, collapse, or transform into something else? | excessive mobilization of resources, causing environmental damages, invasions from outsiders, diseases, administrative difficulties, social tensions- land distribution caused a problem between peasants and elites. | 77 | |
| 5222013652 | How did Classical era trade networks compare to Ancient era networks? | they were long-distance trade networks (Silk Road, Royal Road, etc) while Ancient era networks were based at more local level | 78 | |
| 5222023492 | What forces contributed to the changes between the two eras? | empire unification, the demand of goods/raw materials, maintaining military force and need for communication | 79 | |
| 5222029127 | What was commonly traded along these trade networks? | cultural beliefs, technology, goods, food crops/domesticated animals and diseases | 80 | |
| 5222039074 | How did trade & communication networks develop by 600 CE? | empires developed communication and trade networks based on maritime and land routes across the Eastern Hemisphere | 81 | |
| 5222044647 | What technologies enabled long-distance overland and maritime trade? | technologies for domesticated animals like yokes or saddles and knowledge in monsoon seasons and ship innovations(lateen sails) | 82 | |
| 5222061562 | Besides the physical goods,what intangibles also traveled along trade networks? | cultural beliefs (religions, social structures, etc...) and irrigation/ farming techniques | 83 | |
| 5222064934 | What crops spread along Classical Era trade networks? | cotton, sugar and rice spread from South Asia to the Middle East | 84 | |
| 5222067922 | What effects did diseases have on Classical empires? | diseases decimated urban populations | 85 |