AP World History Period 1 Flashcards

4243713985	nomad	early people whose sole focus in life was shelter and food	0
4243713986	foraging societies	hunter-gatherer clans; small groups of people who traveled from place to place for plants and animals	1
4243715501	pastoral societies	domesticated animals; small-scale agriculture; extended family; few women's rights	2
4243715502	cuneiform	first form of writing created by Sumerians	3
4243715503	polytheistic	belief in multiple gods; major beliefs in early societies (Sumerians were polytheistic)	4
4243717107	ziggurat	Sumerian temple to appease the multiple gods	5
4243717108	Code of Hammurabi	Created by King Hammurabi of Babylon; "an eye for an eye"; legal code, justice and fairness	6
4243718680	Pharaohs	the rulers of the Egypt	7
4243718681	hieroglyphics	pictograph writing of Egyptians	8
4243720225	mummification	process of preserving dead bodies because the Egyptians believed in life after death	9
4243720226	pyramids	created to house mummified bodies	10
4243720227	river valley	most early civilizations were created by river valleys for fertile soil	11
4243722531	calendar	Creation of Early China, Sumerians, and Olmecs (and others), separately	12
4243722532	Hinduism	evolved from Aryan beliefs; reincarnation; caste system; polytheistic	13
4243722533	the Vedas and the Upanishads	holy books of the Hindus; recorded beliefs and traditions	14
4243724726	Brahmans	the priest class of the Hindu caste system; closer to the gods than the warriors	15
4243724727	patriarchy	lead by the eldest male	16
4243726415	Mandate of Heaven	heaven would grant the specific empire power only as long as its rulers governed justly and wisely	17
4243727877	bureaucracy, bureau	organized government tasks by department, or bureau	18
4243729462	migration	the movement of a people usually spurred by climactic changes, search of food and hospitable environment, people migrated after the food supply was exhausted	19
4243730598	Zhou Dynasty	1100 BCE, maintained customs of Shang; longest dynasty; created mandate of Heaven	20
4243735690	Neolithic Revolution (Agricultural Revolution)	8000 BCE to 3000 BCE- agricultural lifestyles and town and city life (small groups and communities, not civilizations)-> food surplus -> specialization of labor	21
4243735691	Bronze Age	3000 BCE, the creation of tools with bronze became popular	22
4243735692	Mesopotamia	"land between the rivers"; series of ancient civilizations (Sumer-Babylon-Persia); part of the Fertile Crescent; unpredictable flooding of rivers	23
4243737771	Sumerian civilization	Southern Mesopotamia; agriculture and river management; cuneiform; wheel; calendar; polytheistic; ziggurats; downfall by invasions	24
4243737772	Tigris and Euphrates Rivers	rivers in the fertile crescent/Mesopotamia area; unpredictable flooding caused downfalls of settlements	25
4243739805	Babylon	Hammurabi, code, fell due to Invasions of Hittites and Kassites	26
4243739806	Hittites	use of iron to overthrow Babylon; military superpower; defeated by Assyrians	27
4243741544	Assyrians	Use of iron knowledge from Hittites, Capital at Nineveh, empire, disciplined but cruel, strong military	28
4243741545	Nebuchadnezzar	Chaldean king who took over Assyrians; rebuilt Babylon; expansion of empire	29
4243743432	Persian Empire	Eventually took over Chaldeans	30
4243744836	Egyptian civilization	Nile River; agricultural opportunities; lived in smaller towns	31
4243744837	King Menes	built Egyptian capital at Memphis, managed floodwaters; irrigation, drainage; made a wealthy and powerful civilization	32
4243746206	Queen Hatchepsut	first female ruler known in history; During New Kingdom of Egypt; expansion; demonstrates higher social status of women in Egypt than in other countries (still lesser than men)	33
4243746207	Indus Valley	river system with huge mountains; limited contact with others	34
4243748079	Fertile Crescent	land where Mesopotamia is; Tigris and Euphrates	35
4243748080	Khyber Pass	opening in Hindu Kush mountains that connected India with outside world with trade	36
4243750476	Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro	Two major cities of ancient Indus Valley civilization (2500-1500 BCE); master planned, uniformly constructed, sophisticated wastewater systems	37
4243750477	Aryans	nomadic tribes from the north who used horses and advanced weaponry, invaded & defeated Indus Valley populations	38
4243750478	Shang China	near the Yellow River valley; trade-centered; powerful military; built walls; other good achievements in science	39
4243752498	Bantu Migrations	1500 BCE; farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa migrated south and east; spread language, agriculture and metallurgy knowledge	40
4243752499	Olmec and Chavin	Exceptions to River Valley rule; Olmec in Mexico (polythiestic, calendar, buildings, irrigation, writing system) Chavin in the Andes (polythiestic, access to coast/seafood, llama use)	41