AP World History Period 1 Vocabulary Flashcards

From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins

430131237	Hunting and Gathering	Means of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization	0
430131238	Civilization	Societies with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups	1
430131239	Paleolithic	The Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 B.C.E.; typified by use of evolving stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence	2
430131240	Neolithic	The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished	3
430131241	Nomads	Cattle- and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies	4
430131242	Culture	Combination of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction	5
430131243	Homo sapiens	The species of humanity that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic	6
430131244	Agrarian revolution	Occurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture	7
430131245	Pastoralism	A nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies	8
430131246	Catal Huyuk	Early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification	9
430131247	Bronze Age	From 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing	10
430131248	Mesopotamia	Literally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys	11
430131249	Potter's wheel	A technological advance in pottery making; invented circa 6000 B.C.E.; encouraged faster and higher-quality ceramic pottery products	12
430131250	Sumerians	People who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states	13
430131251	Cuneiform	A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets	14
430131252	City-state	A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king	15
430131253	Ziggurats	Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple connections	16
430131254	Babylonian Empire	Unified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E.	17
430131255	Hammurabi	The most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law	18
430131256	Pharaoh	The term used to denote the kings of ancient Egypt; the term, "great house" refers to the palace of the pharaohs	19
430131257	Pyramids	Monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs	20
430131258	Hieroglyphs	Form of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform	21
430131259	Kush	African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile circa 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries	22
430131260	Monotheism	The exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization	23
430131261	Phoenicians	Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean	24
430131262	Harappa and Mohenjo Daro	Major urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern	25
430131263	Aryans	Indo-European nomadic, warlike, pastorialists who replaced Harappan civilization	26
430131264	Huanghe (Yellow) River Basin	Site of the development of sedentary agriculture in China	27
430131265	Shang	1st Chinese dynasty	28
430131266	Oracles	Shamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpreting animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing	29
430131267	Ideographic writing	Pictograph characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing	30