AP World History Flashcards

2519822336	laissez-faire economics	European economic policy of the 16th - 18th centuries that held that there was a limited amount of wealth available; key to the attainment of wealth was the acquisition of colonies	0
2519822337	indulgence	a document whose purchase was said to grant the bearer the forgiveness of sins	1
2519822338	scientific revolution	European intellectual movement in the 17th century that established the basis for modern science	2
2519822339	parliamentary monarchy	a govt with a king/queen whose power is limited by the power of parliament	3
2519822340	factor	an agent with trade privileges in early Russia	4
2519822341	taj mahal	white marble mausoleum built in Agra, India, by the mogul emperor shah Japan for his favorite wife	5
2519822342	mercantilism	economic concept that holds that the govt shouldn't interfere with or regulate business and industries	6
2519822343	creoles	a term used in colonial Spanish America to describe a person born in the Americas of European parents	7
2519822344	northwest passage	passage through the North America continent that was sought early by explorers to North America as a route to trade with the east	8
2519822345	enlightenment	a philosophical movement in 18th century Europe that was based on reason and the concept that education and training could improve human society	9
2519822346	viceroyalty	a political unit ruled by a viceroy that was the basis of organization of the Spanish colonies	10
2519822347	encomienda	a practice in the Spanish colonies that granted land and the labor of native Americans on that land to European colonists	11
2519822348	devshirme	practice of the Ottoman Empire to take Christian boys from their home communities to serve as janissaries	12
2519822349	caravel	small, easily steerable ship used by the Spanish and Portuguese in their explorations	13
2519822350	protestant reformation	religious movement began by matin Luther in 1517 that attempted to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church; resulted from the formation of new Christian denominations	14
2519827441	capitalism	an economic system based on private ownership and opportunity for profit making	15
2519838510	northern renaissance	extension of the Italian Renaissance to the nations of Northern Europe; the northern Renaissance took on a more religious nature than the Italian Renaissance	16
2519849808	philosophies	French enlightenment social thinkers	17
2519853278	mulatto	in Spanish and Portuguese colonies a person of mixed African and European descent	18
2519858883	divine right	the belief of absolute rulers that their right to govern is granted by god	19
2519863023	treaty of tordesillas	the 1494 treaty in which the pope divided unexplored territories between Spain and portugal	20
2519868881	sovereignty	self rule	21
2519870083	cossacks	Russians who conquered and settled Siberia in the 16th and 17th centuries	22
2519874431	boyars	Russian nobility	23
2519875157	mughal dynasty	rulers who controlled most of India in the 16th and 17th centuries	24
2519880347	absolute monarchy	rule by a king/queen who's power is not limited	25
2519883113	natural laws	principles that govern nature	26
2519884811	manchus	people from northeastern Asia who founded China's Qing dynasty	27
2519894902		members of the society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic missionary and educational order founded by Ignacio's of Loyola in 1534	28
2519895367	janissaries	members of the ottoman army, often slaves, who were taken from Christian lands	29
2519900205	qing dynasty	manchurian rule of China beginning in 1644 and lasting until 1914	30
2519904156	peninsulares	In the Spanish colonies, those who were born in europe	31
2519907268	mestizos	in the Spanish colonies, persons of mixed European and native descent	32
2519910741	repartamiento	in the Spanish colonies, a replacement for the encomienda system that limited the number of working hours for laborers and provided fair wages	33
2519932721	ninety-five these	work by Martin Luther where he laid out his arguments against the Roman Catholic church	34
2519937618	dutch learning	western learning embraced by some Japanese in the 18th century	35
2519941977	estates-general	the traditional legislative body of france	36
2519944985	catholic reformation	religious reform movement within the Roman Catholic church that occurred in response to the Protestant reformation. it reaffirmed catholic beliefs and promoted education.	37
2519955092	reconqista	the recapture of Muslim held lands in Spain by Christian forces; it was completed in 1492	38
2519959170	excommunication	practice of the Roman Catholic and other Christian churches of prohibiting participation in the sacraments to those who do not comply with church teachings or practices	39
2519968823	middle passage	the portion of the trans-Atlantic trade that involved the passage of africans from Africa to the americas	40
2519978509	purdah	the Hindu custom of secluding women	41
2519985730	tokugawa shogunate	the feudal rulers of japan who moved the capital to edo. ruled from 1603 -1868	42
2519986710	commercial revolution	the expansion of trade and commerce in Europe in the 16th and 17th century	43
2519993036	colombian exchange	exchange of foods, crops, disease and livestock between eastern and western hemispheres after the voyages of columbus	44
2520001214	triangular trade	the 18th century trade network between Europe, Africa and the Americas	45
2520005664	heliocentric revolution	the concept that the sun is in the center	46
2520010031	deism	the concept of God common to the scientific revolution; the God was believed to have set the world in motion and then allowed it to operate by natural laws	47
2520015954	hagia Sophia	the church in Constantinople that was converted to a mosque after the ottoman conquest	48
2520019050	glorious revolution	the bloodless overthrow of English king James and the placement of William and Mary on the English throne	49
2520023423	predestination	the belief of protestant reformer John Calvin that God had chosen some people for heaven and others for hell	50