American Pageant Chapter 20 Flashcards

5727184181	Fort Sumter	one of the few Union forts located in the South; where the first shots of the Civil War were fired (in SC, 1861)	0
5727184182	Border States	slave states that supported the Union in the Civil War (Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia; crucial because of their large populations and manufacturing capacities)	1
5727184183	West Virginia	mountainous area of Virginia that separated to join the Union when Virginia claimed loyalty to the Confederacy	2
5727184184	Trent Affair	quarrel between Britain and the Union when a Union warship stopped the /Trent/, a British mail steamer, and captured Confederate diplomats on their way to Europe	3
5727184185	Alabama	British-built and manned Confederate warship that raided Union shipping during the Civil War (one of many built by Britain to help the Confederacy)	4
5727184186	Laird rams	unreleased British warships with iron rams and large-caliber guns created to devastate the wooden ships of the Union navy for the Confederacy (if had been released would have resulted in a war with Britain and possible overtake of Canada)	5
5727184187	Dominion of Canada	unified Canadian government established by Britain (created to protect Canada from further invasion from the U.S. out of anger towards Britain)	6
5727184188	writ of habeas corpus	petition requiring law enforcement to present those they arrest before a court that decides whether or not the arrest is for legitimate reasons (it was suspended by Lincoln during the Civil War so that anti-Unionists could be arrested swiftly)	7
5727184189	New York draft riots	uprising, mostly of working-class, antiblack Irish Americans, in protest of the Union draft (cause: the wealthy could hire substitute or buy exemption; racism. effect: resulted in the loss of lives, particularly African-Americans, and federal intervention)	8
5727184190	Morrill Tarriff Act	Increased duties (taxes on imported goods) by anywhere from 5-10% to raise revenue for the Civil War	9
5727184191	greenbacks	paper currency issued by the Union Treasury during the Civil War (fluctuated in value throughout the war due to inflation)	10
5727184192	National Banking System	network of member banks that could issue legitimate U.S. currency (created during the Civil War to establish a stable national currency and encourage the sale of war bonds	11
5727184193	Homestead Act	(1862, during Civil War) federal law that sold settlers 160 acres of land for about $30 if they lived on it for five years and improved its value by some means	12
5727184194	U.S. Sanitary Commission	trained nurses, collected medical supplies, and equipped hospitals in effort to help the Union army	13
5727184195	Charles Francis Adams	diplomat to Britain during the Civil War; set the ultimatum that stopped Britain from delivering the Laird rams to the Confederacy and therefore kept us out of a war with Britain	14
5727184196	Napoleon III	the Emperor of France during the Civil War period; took advantage of America's preoccupation with the war; sent French army to occupy Mexico City (against Monroe doctrine policies; U.S. threatens to punish)	15
5727184197	Maximilian	an Austrian archduke (puppet of Napoleon) chosen by Napoleon to be emperor of Mexico when the republic fell (against Monroe doctrine policies; U.S. threatens to punish)	16
5727184198	Jefferson Davis	president of the Confederacy; was stubborn, tense, and humorless; largely opposed popular opinion: wanted a well-knit central government more than strong state's rights	17
5727184199	Elizabeth Blackwell	America's first female physician; helped organize the U.S. Sanitary Commission	18
5727184200	Clara Barton	a superintendent nurse of the Union (along with the help of Dorothea Dix, helped transform nursing from a lowly service into a respected profession; would later found the American Red Cross in 1881)	19
5727184201	Sally Tompkins	ran a Richmond infirmary for wounded Confederate soldiers; was awarded the rank of a captain by Confederate president Jefferson Davis	20