AP World History Midterm Review Flashcards
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| 3553699648 | Indus River Valley | S- Very peaceful people; little evidence of war or conflict P- Harappa and Mohejo-Daro were great cities and central trade centers R- N/A I- Inscribed seal stones and copper tablets but they're indecipherable T- Irrigation systems, potter's wheel, utilitarian tools to make jewelry E- Goods moved on rivers within the Indus zone; had access to metals and stones; traded contacts | 0 | |
| 3553699649 | Mesopotamia | S- classes where kings controlled large estates and commoners were farmers, artisans, and merchants; constant war with invaders P- city states often built around religious structures; tigris and euphrates as resources; no natural barriers; relationship between government and religion R- belief in gods rule over everything; negative view of the afterlife I- writing began literature; est. quadratic expressions; adopted sumerian mathematics and astronomy T- irrigation; the wheel; carts and chariots E- cuneiform to record business memorabilia; trade with egypt and harappa; traded silver | 1 | |
| 3553699650 | Egypt | S- Pharaoh-->Peasants-->Slaves P- one ruler with all power (pharaoh) R- polytheistic I- built pyramids; silver and gold jewelry T- chariots; deep water ships E- farmed on Nile River; everything dependent on Nile due to dry climate and aided in travel and communication | 2 | |
| 3553699651 | Sparta | Located on Peloponnesus Peninsula; Developed strong military to be completely military powerful; boys served from 6-70; women were expected to produce healthy babies for the military; 2 kings ruled but had little power; rival to Athens | 3 | |
| 3553699652 | Athens | Founded by Mycenaeans; named after the goddess of Athena; more citizenship than Sparta; developed a constitution to reduce social class friction; Draco's harsh code of laws ("Draconian"); Solon cancelled all land debt and freed slaves; boys entered military at age 18; textbooks were Illiad and Odyssey | 4 | |
| 3553699653 | Rome | S- patron/client relationship P- all males in the military R- polytheistic I- Calendar, writing T- aqueduct E- slave labor; farmers | 5 | |
| 3553699654 | Thebes | Oligarchy of rich men; alliance with Sparta; strong military until macedonian invasion; literature legacy; traded food, wool, carpentry, etc.; only males were educated | 6 | |
| 3553699655 | Alexander the Great | Took over after Phillop of Macedonia died; invades and conquers vast amounts of land; died under mysterious circumstances during his conquest trail; land divided among his strongest generals | 7 | |
| 3553699656 | Spread of Hellenistic Culture | Really was emphasized due to Alexander's death; spread of Greek culture | 8 | |
| 3553699657 | Archimedes, Euclid, and Erastothenes | Hellenistic development of pi, geometry, and the circumference of Earth | 9 | |
| 3553699658 | Founding of Rome | Romulus and Remus were raised by wolves; Rom killed Rem cuz he wanted power | 10 | |
| 3553699659 | Roman Government | Senate- patricians(foreign and military affairs) People- plebeians(10 tribunes that handles local affairs with veto power) | 11 | |
| 3553699660 | Technologies of the Shang Dynasty | Built advanced settlements, centralized government, bronze for weapons and silk for cloth, Chinese writing system | 12 | |
| 3553699661 | Familial Chinese Culture | Filial Piety- respect of elders; pay respect to ancestors | 13 | |
| 3553699662 | The Zhou Dynasty | Which dynasty introduced the Mandate of Heaven? | 14 | |
| 3553699663 | Mandate of Heaven | Grant from heaven that a certain person should be ruler (China) due to a natural disaster and doubt of rule | 15 | |
| 3553699664 | Confucius | China's most famous teacher/ philosopher; code of conduct with the five relationships (father to son, mother to daughter, etc.) | 16 | |
| 3553699665 | Legalism | The idea that government was the secret to orderly conduct, people are subject to the same laws; and strict laws enforce good behavior | 17 | |
| 3553699666 | Qin Dynasty | "First Sovreign Empire," embraced legalism, started construction of the Great Wall; irrigation; currency; increased trade and agriculture production | 18 | |
| 3553699667 | Han Dynasty | Built on Zhou and Qin ideas; confucianism; government revenue based on 5% annual harvest; held monopoly power on salt and iron trade; expanded beyond Qin homeland; dominated by patriarchy and familial organization; destroyed by too many invasions | 19 | |
| 3553699668 | Roman Empire | Militaristic culture; land=wealth; economy that ensured social and political stability; over expansion led to invasion and dying out of culture | 20 | |
| 3553699669 | Jainism | An ancient religion from India that teaches us how to achieve liberation and bliss; non-theistic religion; believe in dharma and karma | 21 | |
| 3553699670 | Chandragupta (321 BCE- 298 BCE) | Unified northern India; defeated Seleucus; divided empire into provinces; gave up throne to become Jain | 22 | |
| 3553699671 | Asoka (304-232 BCE) | Conversion to Buddhism after Battle of Kalinga in 262 BCE; battled with laws and religious beliefs | 23 | |
| 3553699672 | Tang Dynasty | Unified China with military skills; reorganized laws in China; reduced taxes; expanded civil service taxes; fell due to rebellion and weak economy; invented gunpowder | 24 | |
| 3553699673 | Wu Zhao (Tang Taizong's son's wife) | Who won respect for her ability to lead government? | 25 | |
| 3553699674 | Song Dynasty | Strong economy; conquered and reunified China; est. social services; based government on stronger aspects of the Tang Dynasty; best known for architecture; invented movable type and the magnetic compass | 26 | |
| 3553699675 | Fief | Land given by lords to knights for protection (basis for economy) | 27 | |
| 3553699676 | Aristotle | 3rd Greek philosopher and scientist; teacher of Alexander the Great | 28 | |
| 3553699677 | Shi Huangdi | Initiated the building of the Great Wall; his dynasty united China; first emperor of the Qin dynasty; built up the terra cotta army | 29 | |
| 3553699678 | Siddhartha Guatama | Sage who began the religion of Buddhism; is the buddha after nirvana | 30 | |
| 3553699679 | Muhammad | Founder of Islam | 31 | |
| 3553699680 | Socrates | 1st Classical Greek philosopher; credited as one of the founders of western philosophy | 32 | |
| 3553699681 | Plato | 2nd greek philosopher; student of Socrates, founder of the academy (school) | 33 | |
| 3553699682 | Phoenicians | S- war with Greek and Romans; nomads migrated into Syria; Phillistines occupied the southern coast and introduced iron-based metallurgy P- established Carthage which grew to be the most economically and militarily strong R- human sacrifice; Baal Hommon, the male storm god; Tanit, goddess of fertility I- textiles infused with purple dye, writing system; worship architecture; phoenician star (north star) T- metal to trade and build; ships for navy and trade transport E- traded with neighboring city- states; traded food, luxury, raw materials, etc. | 34 | |
| 3554041811 | Oldest Mesoamerican Civilization | Olmec | 35 | |
| 3554041812 | Aztec Empire Capital | Tenochtitlan | 36 | |
| 3554041813 | Through political alliances and military conquests | How did Aztecs gain their power? | 37 | |
| 3554041814 | Reason for Aztec human sacrifice | The god of the Sun fed on human hearts | 38 | |
| 3554041815 | Social and Political Structure in Northern American Tribes | Commoners worked and elites held land and power | 39 | |
| 3554041816 | Civilizations that practiced human sacrifice | Mayans, Olmecs, Aztecs, and Toltecs | 40 | |
| 3554041817 | Mayan Writing System | Hieroglyphics | 41 | |
| 3554041818 | Andean Civilizations | Made up of mit'a and ayllu civilizations to do the labor with divided work among gender lines | 42 |