AP World History Time Period 1 Flashcards

4790311686	Origins of man	Africa.	0
4790311687	Homo sapiens sapiens	Direct ancestor of modern humans. Developed in East Africa between 200,000 and 100,000 years ago.	1
4790311688	Paleolithic	2.5 million to - 10,000 years ago (8,000BCE) . Literally means "Old Stone". Although humans also made tools from bone, antlers, and wood. Culture: hunting, gathering (foraging), and nomadism. Perhaps the most remarkable feat was Paleolithic people's ability to migrate and adapt to a wide range of environments.	2
4790311689	Hunter- Forager Society	At center of society was the nuclear family which then expanded outward to include ties between related families. These larger groups were called a Kinship group and included between 20-40 people. The Kinship group expanded out further to include a larger group called a clan. Often clans could further group together in time of need to form a tribe. - Trade often further connected these groups too.	3
4790311690	Patriarchal	Characteristic of a system of society or government controlled by men.	4
4790311691	Animism	The belief that the spirit world is connected intimately to all elements of nature, rivers, mountains, animals, etc.	5
4790311692	Shamanism	Religious leaders who were believed to have special connection with spirit world and an ability to connect with ancestors and cure the sick.	6
4790311693	Bering Strait Land Bridge	Colder temperatures and lower ocean levels allowed for early humans to cross from Asia into Americas in larger numbers in search of food	7
4790311694	Egalitarian	Relative equality within a human society. Typical of Paleolithic/Pre-civilized societies in which only small differences separated the poorest from wealthiest.	8
4790311695	Domestication	Taking an animal or plant and adapting it to human use.	9
4790311696	Mesolithic	Literally "Middle Stone". Sort of transition between Paleolithic and Neolithic. (12,000 to 8000 B.C.E.). More sophisticated tools, and first animal domesticates	10
4790311697	Neolithic/Neolithic Revolution	Literally "New Stone". Agriculture is the big game changer! Begins as early as 10,000 years ago (8000 BCE) in the Middle East - with agriculture humans begin moving toward what we call "civilization".	11
4790311698	Pastoralism	raising of livestock on natural pastures. (early pastoralist people spread farming technology because of mobility)	12
4790311699	Civilization	Agriculture eventually led to societies with settled communities (more urban) . Characteristics: specialization of labor, towns and cities, government, organized religion, technological innovations, including writing.	13
4790311700	Code of Hammurabi	Babylonian King laid down the procedure for law courts and regulated property rights and duties of family members, setting harsh punishments for crimes. Standardizing a legal system was one of the features of early river valley civilizations	14
4790311701	Cuneiform	Sumerian (Mesopotamian) writing. Perhaps the first writing system.	15
4790311702	Ziggurats	Temples to gods in Mesopotamia	16
4790311703	First Empire	Akkadian Empire (Mesopotamia) c. 2260-2223 B.C.E	17
4790311704	Egyptian political + state-organization	Unlike Mesopotamian civilization, Egyptian civilization featured very durable and centralized institutions led by pharaohs who ruled over Egypt's vast Empire.	18
4790311705	Religious make-up of pre-civilized societies	polytheistic	19
4790311706	Egyptian writing	hieroglyphics	20
4790311707	Olmecs	Olmec civilization prospered in Pre-Classical (Formative) Mesoamerica from c. 1200 BCE to c. 400 BCE and is generally considered the forerunner of all subsequent Mesoamerican cultures such as the Maya and Aztecs.	21
4790311708	Chavin	The Chavin civilization flourished between 900 and 200 BCE in the northern and central Andes and was one the earliest pre-Inca cultures.	22
4790311709	Phoenician's key cultural contribution	Phoenician's were a seafaring people from the Levant that eventually settled in North Africa. They developed a simplified alphabet that greatly influenced Greek and Latin culture	23
4790311710	Developed Monotheism	Hebrews worshipped 1 god. (remember this was exceptional at time - most people polytheistic)	24
4790311711	Theocracy	A form of government in which a ruler has political and religious authority	25