AP World History: Unit 1 Flashcards

First set of words in the AP World History book by the Princeton Review.

4864788511	Agriculture	The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.	0
4864788512	Agrarian	pertaining to land or its cultivation; Ex. agrarian reform, agrarian society	1
4864788513	Bands/ Clans	extended family groups that generally lived together	2
4864788514	Civilization	a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)	3
4864788515	City-States	different sections of land owned by the same country but ruled by different rulers (e.g. Greece)	4
4864788516	Domestication	process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans	5
4864788517	Economy	system by which goods and services are produced and distributed to meet people's needs	6
4864788518	Egalitarian	a person who believes in the equality of all people	7
4864788519	Foraging	the process of scavenging for food	8
4864788520	Hierarchy	a series of ordered groupings of people or things within a system	9
4864788521	Hunter-Gatherer	A hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild, foraging and hunting without significant recourse to the domestication of either plants nor animals	10
4864788522	Irrigation	supplying dry land with water by means of ditches, sprinklers, etc.	11
4864788523	Monarchy	a government in which power is in the hands of a single person who usually inherits their power	12
4864788524	Monotheism	belief in a single God	13
4864788525	Neolithic	The New Stone Age from circa 8500 to 4500 BCE: The period of the Stone Age associated with the ancient Agricultural Revolution(s)	14
4864788526	Nomadic	(of groups of people) tending to travel and change settlements frequently	15
4864788527	Pastoral	relating to shepherds or herdsmen or devoted to raising sheep or cattle (e.g. pastoral peoples)	16
4864788528	Paleolithic	The Old Stone Age from circa 750,00 to 500,000 years BCE to 8,500 years BCE: The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans and the development of minor tools	17
4864788529	Philosophy	the rational investigation of questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics	18
4864788530	Polytheism	belief in multiple Gods	19
4864788531	River Valley	the fertile land surrounding a river- the first civilizations arose near them	20
4864788532	Sedentary	remaining in one place	21
4864788533	Settlement	the act of colonizing or a small group of people in a sedentary position	22
4864788534	Subsistence	the necessities of life, the resources of survival	23
4864788535	Surplus	a quantity much larger than is needed	24
4864788536	Sustenance	the act of sustaining life by food or providing a means of subsistence	25
4864788537	Theocracy	government run by religious leaders	26
4864788538	Traditional	consisting of or derived from tradition; customary practices	27
4864788539	Urbanization	the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban	28
4864788540	Bronze Age	a period between the Stone and Iron ages, characterized by the manufacture and use of bronze tools and weapons	29
4864788541	Code of Hammurabi	the set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety	30
4864788542	Cuneiform	One of the first written languages known: A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia.	31
4864788543	Democracy	a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them	32
4864788544	Iron Age	the period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons	33
4864788545	Pyramids	Huge stone tombs with four triangle-shaped walls that met in a point on top	34
4864788546	Shang Civilization	China's first dynasty almost 2000 BCE	35
4864788547	Ziggurats	a temple or tomb of the ancient Assyrians, Sumerians, or Babylonians, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding stories	36
4864788550	Sumerians	people who dominated Southern Mesopotamia through the end of the 3rd Millennium BCE. Responsible for the creation of irrigation technology, cuneiform, and religious conceptions.	37
4864788551	Indo-Europeans	Groups of people who came from the area north of the Caucasus mountains, which are between the Black and Caspian seas. Herded multiple animals. Rode into battle on chariots. The Indo-European language of Sanskrit, by the Aryans, are the basis of many languages today. Often accepted and adapted aspects of technology, religions, and social order of those with whom they came in contact.	38
4864788552	Patriarchal	Before agriculture, men and women are believed to have a greater degree of equality. But after the rise of agriculture, most human societies became ________ as a result of greater male strength.	39
4864788553	caste system	a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society, there was virtually no social mobility	40
4864788554	Paleolithic	(Old Stone Age) a long period of human development before the development of agriculture	41
4864788555	Carthage	This city has existed for nearly 3,000 years, developing from a Phoenician colony of the 1st millennium BC into the capital of the Carthaginian Empire. Controlled commerce in the Mediterranean prior to the rise of Roman Power. The expanding Roman Republic took control of many of its outposts after the two Punic Wars.	42
4864788556	North America		43
4864788557	Caribbean		44
4864788558	Latin America		45
4864788559	Central Africa		46
4864788560	East Africa		47
4864788561	East Asia		48
4864788562	Eastern Europe		49
4864788563	Middle East (Southwest Asia)		50
4864788564	South Africa		51
4864788565	South Asia		52
4864788566	Southeast Asia		53
4864788567	West Africa		54
4864788568	Western Europe		55
4864788569	Norte Chico	A region along the coast of Peru that possessed a highly-developed urban culture as early as 2500 B.C.E. Characterized by massive stepped pyramids and extensive use of cotton.	56
4864788570	Indus Valley	3rd millennium BC, Elaborately planned cities, standardized measures, irrigated agriculture, written language, no temples kings etc., had a lot of land, no political hierarchy, was abandoned because of mass deforestation, low crop yields, famine, environmental deterioration, etc. their influence continued even to this day (i.e. yoga). Important because it shows how we developed in our cities and economy.	57
4864788571	Olmec Civilization	earliest known American civilization, located in southern Mexico and known for its pyramids and huge stone heads	58
4864788572	Uruk	an ancient Sumerian city in Southern Iraq, near the Euphrates, important before 2000 b.c. : exclusive archaeological excavations, notably of a ziggurat and of tablets with very early Sumerian script.	59
4864788573	Mohenjo-Daro / Harappa	the two main cities of india, know as twin capitals and both 3 miles in circumference	60
4864788574	Epic of Gilgemesh	Mesopotamian flood story that includes legends and myths, the friendship of Gilgamesh and Enkidu	61
4864788576	Patriarchy	A form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line	62
4864788577	Rise of the State	A process of centralization that took place in the First Civilizations, growing out of the greater complexity or urban life in recognition of the need for coordination, regulation, adjudication, and military leadership	63
4864788578	Egypt: "the gift of the Nile"	provided annual and predictable flooding that benefited and provided a sustainable lifestyle for this civilization, also gave them a stable and positive worldview, proved unty and independence and security	64
4864788579	Nubia	A civilization to the south of Egypt in the Nile Valley, noted for development of an alphabetic writing system and a major iron working industry by 500 BCE	65
4864788580	Venus Figurines	Paleolithic carvings of the female form, often with exaggerated breasts, buttocks, hips, and stomachs, which may have had religious significance	66
4864788581	Dreamtime	A complex worldview of Australia's Aboriginal people that held that current humans live in an echo of ancestral happenings	67
4864788582	Clovis Culture	The earliest widespread and distinctive culture of North America; named from the Clovis point, a particular kind of projectile point	68
4864788583	Austronesian Migrations	The last phase of the great human migration that established a human presence in every habitable region of the earth. Austronesian-speaking people settled the Pacific island and Madagascar in a series of seaborne migrations that began around 3,500 years ago	69
4864788584	shamans	In many early societies, a person believed to have the ability to act as a leasion between living humans and supernatural forces, often by means of trances induced by psychoactive drugs	70
4864788585	Paleolithic settling down	The process by which some Paleolithic peoples moved toward permanent settlement in the wake of the last Ice Age. Settlement was marked by increasing storage of food and accumulation of goods, as well as growing inequalities in society	71
4864788586	Gobekli Tepe	oldest religious structure. made by hunter gathers. Indicates that religion came before organization of labor, settlement and agriculture	72
4864788587	Fertile Crescent	A geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates	73
4864788588	Teosinte	a wild grass found in the highlands of Mexico, is the wild ancestor of maize	74
4864788589	Diffusion	Is the process by which a characterictic spreads	75
4864788590	Bantu Migrations	(1500BCE to 500CE) As the Bantu people migrated, they spread the Bantu family of languages and culture. The Bantu also spread the use of iron, which improved farming techniques and agricultural efficiency, the greater food supply sparked economic development and population growth. The changes instigated by the Bantu migration increased the vitality of sub-Saharan Africa.	76
4864788591	Pastoral Societies	Based on the domestication of animals and use their products as main source of food. Groups move where there is foods but they are more settlers than nomads. Independent and warlike.	77
4864788592	Catalhuyuk	Good example of agricultural village society. Social structure, buried dead, many people, well built houses, specialization.	78
4864788593	Chiefdoms	A society that is led by a ruler of decent, but seldom used force to lead their people. They relied on generosity, charisma, and leadership to rule.	79
4864788594	Paleolithic Rock Art	The hundreds of Paleolithic painting discovered in Spain and France, dating to about 20,000 years ago; these paintings depict a range of animals, although human figures and abstract designs are also found.	80
4864788595	Neanderthals	Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, a European varient of Homo sapiens that died out about 25,000 years ago	81
4865584818	Agrarian	relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land	82
4865605400	Mesopotamia	the name for the area of the Tigris-Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq plus Kuwait, the eastern parts of Syria	83
4865608180	Phoenicians	dominant traders and merchants who created purple dye and established Carthage.	84
4865621451	Israelites	a member of the ancient Hebrew nation, especially in the period from the Exodus to the Babylonian Captivity	85
4865657330	Characteristics of a Civilization	cities, government, trade, social structure, writing and art	86
4865659196	Chaldean	renowned astrologers and astronomers.	87
4865673232	Chavin Cult	extinct prehistoric culture found in the Andean highlands of Peru	88
4865675162	Hebrews	a member of an ancient people living in what is now Israel and Palestine and, according to biblical tradition, descended from the patriarch Jacob, grandson of Abraham.	89
4865697489	Mandate of Heaven	is an ancient Chinese belief/theory and philosophical idea that tiān (heaven) granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well, appropriately and fairly.	90
4865703525	Horse-drawn chariots	humanities first form of personal transport, used as a technological advancement in warfare and conquest.	91
4865714972	Babylon	an ancient city of SW Asia, on the Euphrates River, famed for its magnificence and culture: capital of Babylonia and later of the Chaldean empire.	92
4865741332	Sargon of Akkad	was the first ruler of the Semitic-speaking Akkadian Empire, known for his conquests of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th to 23rd centuries BC.	93
4865743395	Assyrians	an ancient empire in SW Asia: greatest extent from about 750 to 612 b.c. the Capital: Nineveh.	94
4865778370	Hittites	a member of an ancient people who established an empire in Asia Minor and Syria that flourished from circa 1700 to circa 1200 BCE	95