AP World History Chapter 17 Flashcards

5818615084	gunpowder	an explosive consisting of a powdered mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal; earliest known propellant explosive; used for quarry blasting, fuses, and fireworks	0
5818615085	Li Yuan	aka Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire following assassination of Yangdi; first emperor of Tang dynasty; took imperial title of Gaozu	1
5818615086	Chan Buddhism	Knowns as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of the elite class	2
5818615087	Yang Guifei	royal concubine during reign of Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into royal administration led to revolt	3
5818615088	Zhu Xi	Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action	4
5818615089	Xi Xia	kingdom of Tangut people, north of Song kingdom in mid 11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry	5
5818615090	junks	Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, strenpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula	6
5818615091	Hangzhou	capital of Song dynasty	7
5818615092	Wendi	formerly known as Yang Jian; northern aristocrat that struck a marriage alliance between his daughter and ruler of northern Zhou; later seized the throne from his son-in-law and proclaimed himself emperor and took the title Wendi	8
5818615093	Ministry of Rites	Administered examinations to students from Chinese government schools or thise recommended by distinguished scholars	9
5818615094	Pure Land Buddhism	emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among masses of Chinese society	10
5818615095	Xuanzong	Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned 713-755 though he encouraged overexpansion	11
5818615096	Wang Anshi	Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song emperor in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalists; advocated greater state intervention in society	12
5818615097	Liao dynasty	founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song dynasty in China	13
5818615098	flying money	chinese credit instrument taht provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency	14
5818615099	footbinding	practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women in household	15
5818615100	Yangdi	second member of Sui dynasty; murdered his father to gain throne; restored Confucian examination system; responsible for construction of Chinese canal system; assassinated in 618	16
5818615101	jinshi	title granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination in all if Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office	17
5818615102	Wuzong	Chinese emperor of Tang dynasty who openly persecuted Buddhism by destroying monasteries in 840s; reduced influence of Chinese Buddhism in favor of Confucian ideology	18
5818615103	Zhao Kuangyin	founder of Song dynasty; originally a general following fall of Tang; took title of Taizu; failed to overcome northern Liao dynasty that remained independent	19
5818615104	Jurchens	founders of the Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south	20
5818615105	southern Song	rump state of Song dynasty from 1127-1279; carved out much of larger domains ruled by the Tang and northern Song; culturally one of the most glorious reigns in Chinese history	21
5818615106	Chang'an	capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at that time	22
5818615107	Li Bo	most famous poet of Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings	23