World history AP Vocabulary Flashcards

4170286990	Civilization	A cultural group that displays advanced cities, advanced technology, skilled workers, complex institutions ( government, religion), and a system of writing or record keeping.	0
4170286991	Abacus	An ancient Chinese counting device that used rods on which were mounted movable counters.	1
4170288610	Absolute Monarchy	Rule by a king or queen whose power is not limited by a constitution	2
4170289852	Afrikaners	South Africans who were descended from the Dutch who settled in South Africanin the seventeenth century.	3
4170289853	Age grade	An age group into which children were placed in Bantu societies of early Sub- Saharan Africa; children within the age grade were given responsibilities and privileges suitable for their age and in this manner prepared for adult responsibilities	4
4170292007	Agricultural Revolution	The Transition form foraging to the cultivation of food occurring about 8000-2000 BCE; also known as the Neolitic Revolution	5
4170347276	Allah	The God of the Muslims; Arabic word for God	6
4170350845	Alliance of Progress	A program of economic aid for Latin American in exchange for a pledge to establish democratic institutions; pert of U.S. President Kennedy's international program.	7
4170624110	Allied Powers	In World War 1, the nations of Great Britian, France, Russia, the United States, and others that fought against the Central Powers; in World War 2 , the group of nations that included the Great Britian, Hrance, the Soviet Union, and the United States that fought against the Axis Powers	8
4172423633	al-Qaeda	A terrorist group based in Afganistan in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.	9
4261360711	Animism	The belief that Spirits inhabit the features of nature.	10
4261364654	Anschluss	The German annexation of Austria prior to WW2	11
4261369048	Apartheid	The South African policy of separation of the races.	12
4261371052	appeasement	Policy of Great Britian and France making concessions to Hitler in the 1930s	13
4261374646	Aristocracy	Rule by the privileged hereditary class or nobility	14
4261378706	Artifact	An object made by human hands	15
4261380073	Artisan	A craftsmen	16
4261382309	Astrolabe	A navigational instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the position of the stars	17
4261388517	Austronesian	A branch of languages originating in Oceania	18
4261392720	Ayatollah	A traditional Muslim religious ruler	19
4261398138	Ayllus	In Inca society, a clan or community that worked together on projects required by the ruler	20
4261401875	Bakufu	A military government established in Japan after the Gempei Wars; the emperor became a figure head while real power was concentrated on the military including the samurai	21
4261412828	Bantu-speaking people	Name given to a group of sub-Saharan African peoples whose migrations altered the society of sub-Saharan Africa	22
4261420694	Benefice	In medieval Europe, a grant of land or other privilege to a vassal	23
4261425265	Berlin Conference (1884-1885)	Meeting of European Imperialist powers to divide Africa among them	24
4261427282	Black Death	The European name for the outbreak of bubonic plague that spread across Asia, Europe, and North Africe in the fourteenth century.	25
4261436118	Bodhisattvas	Buddhist holy men who accumulated spiritual merits during their lifetimes; Buddist played to them to receive some of their holiness	26
4261442638	Boer War (1899-1902)	War between the Britist and The Dutch over Dutch independence in South Africa; resulted in British victory	27
4261448764	Boers	South Africans of Dutch descent	28
4261451415	Bourgeoisie	In France, the class of merchants and artisans who were the members of the Third Estate and the initiators of the French Revolution. In Marxist theory, a term referring to factory owners	29
4261461687	Boxer Rebellion (1898)	Revolt against foreign residents of China	30
4261464680	Boyars	Russian nobility	31
4261465689	Brahmin	A member of the social class of priests in Aryan society	32
4261470451	Brinkmanship	The Cold War policy of the Soviet Union and the United States of threatening to go to war at a sign of aggression on the part of either power	33
4261477101	British Commonwealth	A political community consisting of the United Kingdom, it's dependencies, and the former colonies of Great Britian that are now sovereign nations; currently called the Commonwealth of Nations	34
4261487720	Bushi	Regional military leaders in Japan who ruled small kingdoms from fortresses	35
4261491350	Bushido	The code of honour of the samurai of Japan	36
4261494155	Caliph	The chief Muslim political and religious leader	37
4261498107	Calpulli	Aztec clans that supplied labor and warriors to leaders	38
4261500888	Capital	The money and equipment needed to engage in industrialization	39
4261504272	Capitalism	An economic system based on private ownership and opportunity for profit-making	40
4261508838	Caravel	A small, easily steerable ship used by the Portuguese and the Spanish during their explorations	41
4261512514	Cartels	Unions of independent businesses in order to regulate production, prices, and the marketing of goods	42
4261519451	Catholic Reformation ( Counter-Reformation)	The religious reform movement within the Roman Catholic Church that occurred in response to the Protestant Reformation. It reaffirmed Catholic beliefs and promoted education	43
4261528401	Central Powers	In WW1, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and other nations who fought with them against the Allies	44
4261536104	Chinampas	Platforms of titis tend vnes and mud that served the Aztects as floating gardens and extended their agricultural land	45
4261541914	Chivalry	A knight's code of honor in medieval Europe	46
4261545315	Civilization	A cultural group with advanced cities, complex institutions, skilled workers, advanced technology, and a system of recordkeeping	47
4261553897	Climate	The pattern of temperature and precipitation over a period of time	48
4261555667	Coalition	A government based on temporary alliances of several political parties	49
4261721372	Code Napoleon	Collection of laws that standardised the Freanch law under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte.	50
4261726553	Cold War	The tense diplomatic relationship between the United States and Soviet Union after World War 2	51
4261734687	Collectivization	The combination of several small farms into large government-controlled farm	52
4261738481	Colombian Exchange	The exchange of food crops, livestock, and disease between the Eastren and Westren hemispheres after the voyages of Columbus	53
4261745384	Commercial revolution	Th expansion of trade and commode in Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries	54
4261749126	Communism	An economic system in which the state controls the means of production	55
4261752210	Conscription	Military draft	56
4261753457	Conservatism	In nineteenth-century Europe, a movement that supported monarchies, aristocracies, ans state-established churches.	57
4261759749	Containment	Cold War policy of the United States whose purpose was to prevent the spread of communism	58
4261763504	Cossacks	Russians who conquered and settled Siberia in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.	59
4261767527	Covenant	Agreement; in the Judeo-Christian heritage, an agreement between God and humankind	60
4261774765	Criollos (Creoles )	A term used in the colonial Spanish America to describe a person born in the Americas of Europen parents	61
4261778758	Cubism	A school of art in which persons and object are represented by geometric forms	62
4261782425	Cultural Diffusion	The transmission of ideas and products from one culture to another	63
4261785294	Cultural Revolution	A Chinese movement from 1966 to 1976 intended to establish a egalitarian society of peasants and workers.	64
4261790509	Cuneiform	A system of writing origination in Mesopotamia in which wedge-shaped stylus was used to press symbols into clay.	65
4261795493	Daimyo	A Japanese feudal lord in charge of an army of samurai	66
4261799080	Dar al-Islam	The House of Islam; a term representing the political and religious unity of the various Islamic groups.	67
4261809030	Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen	A statement of political rights adopted by the French National Assembly during the French Revolution.	68
4261818064	Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen	A statement of the rights of women written by Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man	69
4261822836	Deism	The concept of God common to the Scientific Revolution; the deity was believed to have set the world in motion and them allowed it to operate by natural laws	70
4261830872	Democracy	A political system in which the people rule.	71
4261837742	Deoxyriboncleic acid (DNA)	The blueprint of heredity	72
4261838979	Devshrime	A practice of the Ottoman Empire to take Christian boys form their home communities to serve as Jainissaries	73
4261848401	Dharma	The position in the Hindu caste system that was determined by one's birth	74
4261850761	Diaspora	The exile of an ethnic or racial group from their homeland	75
4261854573	Divine right	The belief of absolute rulers that their right to govern is granted by God.	76
4261858147	Domestic system	A manufacturing method in which the stages of the manufacturing process are carried out in private homes rather than a factory setting	77
4261873081	Duma	The Russian Parliament	78
4261880101	Dutch learning	Western learning embraced by some Japanese in the eighteenth century	79
4261930008	Dynasty	A series of rulers from the same family	80
4261933107	Economic Imperialism	Control of a country's economy by the businesses of another nation	81
4261936622	Economic liberalism	The economic philosophy that government intervention in and regulation of the economy should be minimal	82
4261942444	Edict of Milan	A document that made Christiamity one of the religions allowed in the Roman Empire	83
4261946521	Empirical research	Research based on the collection of data	84
4261949266	Enclosure movement	The fencing of pasture land in England beginning prior to the Industrial Revolution	85
4261955579	Encomienda	A practice in the Spanish colonies that granted land and the labor of Native Americans on that land to European colonists	86
4261978725	Enlightenment	A philosophical movement in eighteenth-century Europe that was based on reason and the concept that education and training could improve humankind and society.	87
4261993563	Entrepreneurship	The ability to combine the factors of land, labor, and capital to create factory production.	88
4261997375	Estates	The division of society in prerevolutionary France.	89
4262003910	Estates-General	The traditional legislative body of France	90
4262005690	Euro	The standard currency introduced and adopted by the majority of members of the European Union in January 2002	91
4262012905	European Union	An organization designed to reduce trade barriers and promotors economic unity in Europe; it was formed in 1993 to replace the European Community	92
4262020098	Evangelical	Pertaining to the preaching the Gospel (the good news) or pertaining to theologically conservative Christians	93
4262027469	Excommunication	The practice of the Roman Catholic And other Christian churches of prohibiting participation in the sacraments to those who do not comply with church teaching or practices	94
4262050161	Extraterritoriality	The right of foreigners to live under the laws of their home country rather than those of the host country	95
4262075855	Factor	An agent with trade privileges in early Russia	96
4262078949	Fascism	A political movement that is characterized by extreme nationalism, one-party rule, and the denial of individual rights	97
4262084061	Feminism	The movement to achieve women's rights	98
4262086481	Feudalism	A political, economic, and social system based on the relationship between Lord and vassal in order to provide protection	99
4262093040	Fief	In medieval Europe, a grant of lan given in exchange for military or other services.	100
4262096222	Filial piety	In China, respect for one's parents and other elders	101
4262098529	Five Pillars	Five practices required of Muslims: faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage	102
4262107629	Five-Year Plans	Plans for industrial production first introduced to the Soviet Union in 1928 by Stalin; they succeeded in making the Soviet Union a major industrial power by the end of the 1930s	103
4262116269	Footbinding	In China, a method of breaking and binding women's feet; seen as a sigh of beauty and social position, footbinding also confined women to the household	104
4262125200	Foraging	A term for hunting and gathering	105
4262130655	Fundamentalism	A return to traditional religious beliefs and practices	106
4262133387	Geneva Conference	A 1954 conference that divided Vietnam at the seventeenth parallel	107
4262137147	Genocide	The systematic killing of an entire ethnic group	108
4262139266	Geocentric theory	The belief held by many by many before the Scientific Revolution that the Earth is the centre of the universe	109
4262145084	Glasnost	The 1985 policy of Mikhail Garbachev that allowed openness of expression of ideas in the Soviet Union	110
4262150426	Glorious Revolution	The bloodless overthrow of English King James 1 and the placement of Wiliam and Mary on the English throne	111
4262154850	Gold standard	A monetary system in which currency is backed up by a specific amount of gold	112
4262159442	Gothic architecture	Architecture of twelfth-century Europe, featuring stained-glass Windows, flying buttresses, tall spires, and pointed arches	113
4262169772	Gran Colombia	The temporary Union of the northern position of South America after the independence movements led by Simon Bolivar; ended in 1830	114
4262176131	Great Depression	The severe worldwide economic downturn that began in the late 1920s and continued into the 1930s throughout many regions of the world	115
4262186362	Great Leap Forward	The disastrous economic policy introduced by Mao Zedong that proposed the implementation of small-scale industrial projects on individual peasant communes	116
4262194797	Green Revolution	A program of improved irrigation methods and the induction of high-yield seeds and fertilizers and pesticides to improve agricultural production; the Green Revolution was especially successful in Asia but was also used in Latin America	117
4262205128	Griots	Storytellers of sub-Saharan Africa who carried on oral traditions and histories	118
4262210250	Guano	Bird droppings used as fertilizers; a major trade item of Peru in the late nineteenth century	119
4262215998	Guest workers	Workers from North Africa and Asia who migrated to Europe during the late twentieth century in search of employment; some of them settled in Europe permanently	120
4262227201	Guomindang	China's Nationalist political party founded by Sun Yat-Sen in 1912 and based on democratic principles; in 1925, the party was taken over by Jiang Jieshi, who made it into a more authoritarian party	121
4262510196	Hadith	A collection of saying and deeds of Muhammad.	122
4262512334	Hajj	The pilgrimage to the Ka'aba in Mecca required once of every Muslim who is not limited by health or financial restrictions	123
4262518459	Harem	A household of wives and concubines in the Middle East, Africa, or Asia	124
4262523107	Heliocentric theory	The concept that the sun is the centre of the universe	125
4262526072	Hellenistic Age	The era ( c. 323 to 30 BCE) in which Greeks culture blended with other Eastren influences spread throughout the former empire of Alexander the Great	126
4262536018	Helsinki Accords	A 1975 political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland by Westren European countries and the Soviet Union	127
4262543261	Hieroglyphics	A system of picture writing used in Egypt	128
4262550430	Hijrah	The flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina ; the first year of the Muslim calendar	129
4262554641	Holocaust	The Nazi program during the World War 2 that killed six million Jews and other groups considered undesirable	130
4262559517	Imperialism	The establishment of colonial empires	131
4262562532	Import substitution industrialization	An economic system that attempts to strengthen a country's industrial power by restricting foreign imports	132
4262566958	Inca	The ruler of the Quechua people of the west coast of South America; the term is also applied to the Quechua people as a whole	133
4262576310	Indentured servitude	The practice of contracting with a master to provide labor for a specified period of years in exchange for passage and living expenses	134
4262582445	Indian National Congress	Political party that became the leader of the Indian Nationalist Movement	135
4262587354	Indo-Europeans	A group of semi nomadic peoples who, around 2000 BCE, began to migrate from Central Asia to India, Europe, and the Middle East	136
4262597564	Indulgence	A document whose purchase was said to grant the bearer the forgiveness of sins	137
4262601881	Industrial Revolution	The transition between the domestic system of manufacturing and the mechanization of production in a factory setting	138
4262607514	International Monetary Fund	An international organization founded in 1944 to promote market economies and free trade.	139
4262612619	International Space Station	A vehicle sponsored by sixteen nations that curls Earth while carrying out experiments	140
4262617781	Investiture	The authority claimed by monarchs to appoint church officials	141
4262620587	Jacobins	Extreme radicals during the French Revolution	142
4262624555	Janissaries	Members of the Ottoman army, often slaves, who were taken from Christian lands	143
4262628062	Jati	One of the many subcastes in the Hindu caste system	144
4262631399	Jesuits	Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic missionary and educational order founded by Ignatius of Loyala in 1534	145
4262638826	Jihad	Islamic holy war	146
4262640250	Junks	Larger Chinese sailing ships especially designated for long-distance travel during the Tang and Song dynasties	147
4262644734	Ka'aba	A black stone or meteorite that became the most revered shrine in Arabia before the introduction of Islam; situated in Mecca, it later was incorporated in the Islamic faith	148
4262653577	Kabuki theatre	A form of Japanese theater developed in the seventeenth century that features colourful scenery and costumes and an exaggerated style of acting	149
4262659123	Kamikaze	The "divine wind" credited by the Japanese with preventing the Mongol invasion during the thirteenth century	150
4262663608	Karma	In Hindu tradition, the good or evil deeds done by a person	151
4262666160	Khan	A Mongol ruler	152
4262667117	Kowtow	A ritualistic bow practiced in the Chinese court	153
4262671783	Kulaks	Russian peasants who became wealthy under Lenin's New Economic Policy	154