AP World History Unit 1 Flashcards

5330435788	big history	refers to global nature of world history	0
5330445239	historiography	study of historians interpretations of past and their methods of inquiry	1
5330451206	periodization	division of historical time into different periods (BCE and CE)	2
5330463901	Comparitive history	comparison of different society which existed during the same time period or shared similar cultural conditions	3
5330469742	cosmic calendar	method to visualize the vast history of the universe in which its 13.8 billion year lifetime is condensed down into a single year	4
5330479949	cultural diffusion	exchange of ideas and products from one culture to another/usually through trade	5
5330485048	independent invention	changes that occur without cultural diffusion	6
5330488542	paleolithic era	-earliest and longest period of human history -96% of time on Earth -humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia -used FIRE as tool -developed tools (axes, bows, harpoons) -animals were used for food and tools -lived in small groups of about 20 -life expectancy was 35 years -men hunted, women foraged -they were egalitarian (social equality) -most groups were self-sufficient, some cultural diffusion occurred -used methods of population control (five-year nursing cycle, infanticide)	7
5330528645	Gobelki tepe	ceremonial temple built in Turkey 11,600 years ago ***indicated people were beginning to settle	8
5330537012	Neolithic era	-began 10,000 years ago -primary feature was settled agriculture -known as first agricultural revolution -lived in villages of 250 to several thousand people and were led by chiefs -concept of "home" (and protection of it) developed -women began collecting seeds, growing plants, and weaving textiles -men began domesticating animals and harvesting plants -animals were now used for labor and gave diseases -professional classes of labor developed -wealth and power was accumulated by elite groups -WHEELS, wheeled vehicles, and sickles were invented	9
5330572430	irrigation	used to water crops, required organization	10
5330575127	copper	used to make tools and weapons	11
5330578207	pottery	was both functional (cooking) and artistic	12
5330580605	pastoralists	-nomads who did not farm but instead survived off herded animals -lived in grasslands in Africa and Asia where there wasn't a lot of rain -had few material possesions	13
5330597493	first civilizations	-developed along rivers around 3000 BCE -more regular food source led to population growth -urban development (some had thousands of people) -great cultural diffusion which led to more diversity -patriarchal -upper class, free commoners, and slaves -government (the "state") was central for organization and stability (kings had the power) -organized religion developed -art and monumental architecture became important -warfare increased, so warriors gained prestige -writing helped support the state -environments were changed (farmland created, forests eliminated, grasslands destroyed)	14
5330609798	specialization	people with different jobs (artisans, priests, tax collectors, soldiers)	15
5330655846	ancient Mesopotamia	-urban culture that developed between Tigris and Euphrates in Iraq -flooding was erratic and destructive	16
5330668841	Sumer	-world's earliest city-state (an urban center) with agricultural land around it under it's control (ruled by monarch seen as god-like and military support) -city-states in Mesopotamia were often at war with each other since they were not geographically isolated -defensive walls and terrettorial expansion offered protection	17
5330697873	Babylon	major city-state and later empire	18
5330700079	Hammurabi	-Babylonian king who crated a law code based on retribution for specific crimes -aspects of Mesopotamia- polytheistic, powerful priest class, women had no rights, slaves, built ziggurats (temples to gods) -expanded irrigation ,wrote in cuneiform/world's oldest written story), built sailing vessels (traded with India) -cuneiform=alphabet, Gilgamesh=oldest story	19
5330738459	Egypt	-early African culture that developed along the Nile river -irrigation helped farms way from Nile -Nile, Red Sea, Mediterranean, Sahara desert protected from invasion	20
5330752186	Nubia	-less-prosperous kingdom that fought and traded with Egypt -Pharaoh- god-like king, top of social class, focus of the state -pyramids- massive tombs for the pharaohs that contained extensive art work	21
5330779123	Aspects of Egypt	-hieroglyphics -polytheistic religion tied to nature -believed god's judged people's lives -social structure like pyramid -powerful priest class -women had more rights than Mesopotamia -first female leader (queen Hatshepsut) -math, medicine,astronomy -slow to adapt metallurgy -long-distance inter-regional trade (lumber- middle East)	22
5330810067	hebrews	-nomads who were greatly influenced by the Mesopotamian's (law, monarchy, polytheism) -practiced monotheism	23
5330821354	Israel	-early Hebrew kingdom that would be conquered several times in history -caused Jewish communities to spread across the Mediterranean and middle east	24
5330836998	Phoenicians	-people who developed a great trade network (they sailed to Britain) -purple dye -22 symbol phonetic alphabet	25
5330850724	Lydians	developed the concept of using coined money to make trade easier	26
5330854329	Hittites	-Pastoralists, developed iron weapons -used to conquer Babylon, created one of the first "new" states	27
5330867732	Assyrians	-pastoralists with a highly disciplined, cruel army (professional) that captured much of Mesopotamia	28
5331689053	Indo-Europeans	-herders from Russia who domesticated horses, invented complex bows, made first chariots obtained metallurgy and wheels from Sumer (used to make chariots) -believed they were superior "Aryan" people -spread into Europe and South Asia as their population grew (great impact on languages in the area)	29