American Pageant: Chapter 20 Flashcards

3289058008	Fort Sumter	South Carolina location where Confederate forces fired the first shots of the Civil War in April of 1861, after Union forces attempted to provision the fort	0
3289058009	Border states	five slave states - Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia - that did not secede during the Civil War; to keep the states in the Union, Abraham Lincoln insisted that the war was not about abolishing slavery but rather protecting the Union	1
3289058010	West Virginia	mountainous region that broke away from Virginia in 1861 to form its own state after Virginia seceded from the Union; most of its residents were independent farmers and miners who didn't own slaves and thus opposed the Confederate cause	2
3289058011	Trent affair	Diplomatic row that threatened to bring the British into the Civil War on the side of the Confederacy, after a Union warship stopped a British steamer and arrested two Confederate diplomats on board	3
3289058012	Alabama	British-built and manned Confederate warship that raided Union shipping during the Civil War; one of many built by the British for the Confederacy, despite Union protests	4
3289058013	Laird rams	two well-armed ironclad warships constructed for the Confederacy by a British firm; seeking to avoid war with the United States, the British government purchased the two ships for its Royal Navy instead	5
3289058014	Dominion of Canada	unified Canadian government created by Britain to bolster Canadians against potential attacks or overtures from the United States	6
3289058015	writ of habeas corpus	petition requiring law enforcement officers to present detained individuals before the court to examine the legality of the arrest; protects individuals from arbitrary state action; suspended by Lincoln during the Civil War	7
3289058016	New York draft riots	uprising, mostly of working-class Irish-Americans, in protest of the draft; rioters were particularly incensed by the ability of the rich to hire substitutes or purchase exemptions	8
3289058017	Morrill Tariff Act	increased duties back up to 1846 levels to raise revenue for the Civil War	9
3289058018	greenbacks	paper currency issued by the Union Treasury during the Civil War; inadequately supported by gold, these fluctuated in value throughout the war	10
3289058019	National Banking System	network of member banks that could issue currency against purchased government bonds; created during the Civil War to establish a stable national currency and stimulate the sale of war bonds	11
3289058020	Homestead Act	a federal law that gave settlers 160 acres of land for about $30 if they lived on it for five years and improved it by, for instance, building a house on it; helped make land accessible to westward-moving settlers, but many people also found disappointment when their land was infertile or they saw speculators grabbing up the best land	12
3289058021	US Sanitary Commission	founded with the help of Elizabeth Blackwell, the government agency trained nurses, collected medical supplies, and equipped hospitals in an effort to help the Union army; helped professionalize nursing and gave many women the confidence and organizational skills to propel the women's movement in the postwar years	13
3289058022	Charles Francis Adams	Minister to Great Britain during the Civil War; he wanted to keep Britain from entering the war on the side of the South.	14
3289058023	Napoleon III	nephew of Napoleon I and emperor of the French from 1852 to 1871; conservatism and nationalism; set up a government in Mexico under Maximilian	15
3289058024	Maximilian	French viceroy appointed by Napoleon III of France to lead a new government set up in Mexico; after the Civil War, the U.S. invaded and he was executed (application of the Monroe Doctrine)	16
3289058025	Jefferson Davis	President of the Confederate States of America	17
3289058026	Elizabeth Blackwell	Abolitionist; women's rights activist; first female doctor in the United States	18
3289058027	Clara Barton	Nurse during the Civil War; started the American Red Cross	19
3289058028	Sally Tompkins	Established an infirmary for wounded Confederate soldiers in Richmond, Virginia; first female military officer in American history	20