AP World History Chapter 2 Review Flashcards

Second Ed. Book

2946945239	Norte Chico	A region along the coast of Peru that possessed a highly-developed urban culture as early as 2500 B.C.E. Characterized by massive stepped pyramids and extensive use of cotton.	0
2946945240	Indus Valley	3rd millennium BC, Elaborately planned cities, standardized measures, irrigated agriculture, written language, no temples kings etc., had a lot of land, no political hierarchy, was abandoned because of mass deforestation, low crop yields, famine, environmental deterioration, etc. their influence continued even to this day (i.e. yoga). Important because it shows how we developed in our cities and economy.	1
2946945241	Central Asian/Oxus Civilization	Present day Afgainistan. Large gates and walls. Social hierarchy. focal point for a "Eurasian-wide system of intellectual and commercial exchange.	2
2946945242	Olmec Civilization	earliest known American civilization, located in southern Mexico and known for its pyramids and huge stone heads	3
2946945243	Uruk	an ancient Sumerian city in Southern Iraq, near the Euphrates, important before 2000 b.c. : exclusive archaeological excavations, notably of a ziggurat and of tablets with very early Sumerian script.	4
2946945244	Mohenjo-Daro / Harappa	the two main cities of india, know as twin capitals and both 3 miles in circumference	5
2946945245	Epic of Gilgemesh	Mesopotamian flood story that includes legends and myths	6
2946945246	Code of Hammurabi	A collection of 282 laws which were enforced under Hammurabi's Rule. One of the first examples of written law in the ancient civilizations.	7
2946945247	Patriarchy	A form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line	8
2946945248	Rise of the State	A process of centralization that took place in the First Civilizations, growing out of the greater complexity or urban life in recognition of the need for coordination, regulation, adjudication, and military leadership	9
2946945249	Egypt: "the gift of the Nile"	provided annual and predictable flooding that benefited and provided a sustainable lifestyle for this civilization, also gave them a stable and positive worldview, proved unty and independence and security	10
2946945250	Nubia	A civilization to the south of Egypt in the Nile Valley, noted for development of an alphabetic writing system and a major iron working industry by 500 BCE	11
2946945251	Code of Hammurabi	A collection of 282 laws which were enforced under Hammurabi's Rule in Ancient Babylon. One of the first examples of written law in the ancient civilizations.	12
2946947333	spread of agriculture	sometimes called the Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, allowing the ability to support an increasingly large population.	13
2947193006	Civilizations	a complex, organized society that has advanced cities, a government, religion, record keeping and writing, job specialization, social classes, and arts and architecture	14
2947196576	Irrigation systems	ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia had the ability to control water for several uses.	15
2947201474	Neolithic Era	the last period of the Stone Age when human beings began to develop agriculture, and use tools and weapons made from shaped and polished stones [New Stone Age, farmers]	16
2947210723	Writing	led to advantages in record keeping, government regulations, and the ability to pass information to future generations.	17
2947221156	Nomadic pastoralists	Management of animals for secondary and primary product. ( a source of protein/ added mobility)	18
2947228346	Mandate of Heaven	Chinese religious and political ideology developed by the Zhou, was the prerogative of Heaven, the chief deity, to grant power to the ruler of China.	19
2947273799	Gift of the Nile	Dependable seasonal flooding. Leads to civilization in Egypt.	20
2947278247	Neolithic Revolution	the shift from hunting of animals and gathering of food to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis around 8,000 BC	21
2947281453	patriarchal society	society in which men rule their families, and people trace their origins through male ancestors	22
2947286976	Mesoamericans	Olmecs were the first Mesoamericans. They did not develop pastoral societies due to the lack of large domesticated animals.	23
2947293093	monotheism	Belief in one God	24
2947302195	Hittites	An ancient Anatolian group whose empire at largest extent consisted of most of the Middle East. Some of the first two-wheeled chariots and iron.	25
2947311789	Five Themes of Geography	Movement, Location, Human-Environment Interaction, Place, Region	26
2947313931	Fertile Cresent	a region in southwest asia location of worlds first civilization includes region of mesopatamia.	27
2947325705	Diffusion	gradual spread without much movement	28
2947329592	Migration	incl. conquest, absorption, displacement of hunter/gatherers -Spread of language -By the beginning of CE, hunter/gatherers small minority	29
2947339736	Pastoral and Ag. Societies	Elite groups accumulated wealth. - Creating hierarchical social structures - Promoted patriarchy	30
2947343281	Mesopotamian Civilization	Sumer ~3500 BCE - First written language - Appearance of Egyptians and Nubians to the south at the same time. Settled on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers - (modern Iraq - Fertile Crescent) Practice irrigation Cities controlled by temple priests initially *Polytheistic religion -Ziggurat center of city	31
2947349830	Chavin	The first major urban civilization in South America (900-250 B.C.E.). Its capital was located high in the Andes Mountains of Peru. Chavin became politically and economically dominant in a densely populated region.	32
2947352711	Indus Valley	A civilization extending from what today is now Pakistan to northwest India and northeast Afghanistan. It flourished in the basins of the Indus River. At its peak it had a population of over five million. The Indus cities are noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, and clusters of large non-residential buildings.	33
2947354842	China	~2200BCE * Central govt. * Xia, Shang, Zhou dynasties * Ruler was the "son of heaven" (intermediary between heaven and earth) * Written lang., oracle bones as early docs. * Maintained cultural continuity.	34
2947358866	Egypt	* Earliest settlement along the Nile River in 5000 BCE * Flooding along the Nile river along a yearly cycle - Predictable : Too much = destruction Too little = famine?	35
2947361790	Olmec	The first Mesoamerican civilization. Between ca. 1200 and 400 B.C.E., these people of central Mexico created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction. Most remembers for the large sculpted stone heads.	36