AP World History Flashcards Flashcards

913599330	Civilization	advanced cities, complex institutions, skilled workers, advanced technology, a system of record keeping	0
213455829	Climate	the pattern of temperature and precipitation over a period of time, largely determined by latitude	1
18368122	Cultural Diffusion	the transmission of ideas and products from one culture to another, example: the spread of agriculture in Eurasia	2
734694486	Independent Invention	a society's development of technology through it's own inventiveness, example: iron working in Kush	3
65892917	Monsoon	a seasonal wind, guided sailors through the Indian Ocean	4
149067985	Steppe	a dry grassland, example: steppes of Central Asia	5
866438289	Cuneiform	a system of writing originating in Mesopotamia, a wedge-shaped stylus was used to press symbols into clay	6
653413038	Ziggurat	a multitiered pyramid constructed by Mesopotamia	7
673586384	Minaret	a tower attached to a mosque from which Muslims are called to worship	8
272437985	Shariah	the body of law that governs Muslim society	9
787864967	Mamluks	turkic military slaves of the Abbasid Caliphate, founded their own state in Egypt and Syria from the thirteenth to the early sixteenth centuries	10
894327955	Artisan	a craftsman	11
173457610	Factors of Production	land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship	12
862690938	Entrepreneurship	the ability to combine the factors of land, labor, and capital to create factory production	13
190186395	Sovereignty	self-rule, example: nation-states enjoy sovereignty	14
786359861	Chivalry	a knight's code of honor in medieval Europe	15
188047534	Sanskrit	the oral language of the Aryans who invaded the Harappan civilization, later a written language, it remains a prominent language in India today	16
458995475	Laissez-Faire Economics	an economic concept that holds the government should not interfere with or regulate businesses and industries	17
855043991	Mestizos	in the Spanish colonies, persons of mixed European and Indian descent	18
229298213	Griots	storytellers of sub-Saharan Africa who carried on oral traditions and histories	19
1052883706	Malay Sailors	southeast Asian sailors who traveled the Indian Ocean, by 500 they had colonized Madagascar, introducing banana cultivation	20
882653619	Greek Trek	the migration (1834) of the Boers into the interior of South Africa, the result of conflict between the Boers and British over the end of slavery	21
21029059	Maori	a member of a Polynesian group that settled in New Zealand c. 800	22
792699312	Indian National Congress	the political party that became the leader of the Indian nationalist movement	23
118420174	Sepot Rebellion	revolt (1857) of Indian soldiers against the British, caused by a military practice in violation of the Muslim and Hindu faiths	24
48156815	Mesopotamia	the world's earliest civilization (c. 4000 B.C.E), arose in the valley of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, Independent innovation	25
915460328	Pharaoh	an Egyptian monarch	26
824475793	Southwest Asia (Middle East) and North Africa	Egypt, Sadi Arabia, Morocco, Israel, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Zagros Mountains, Arabian Desert, Sahara Desert	27
726295501	East Asia	China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Gobi Desert, Tibetan Plateau	28
87082774	Central Asia	Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Gobi Desert, Lake Baikal, Ural Mountains, steppe	29
155891711	Iranian Revolution	in 1979 the US backed Iranian government was overthrown by Islamic fundamentalists, the new Iranian ruler, the Ayatollah Khomeini, imposed strict Islamic law	30
772994232	Iran-Iraq Conflict	Saddam Hussein, leader of Iraq, took advantage of Iranian weakness by annexing its oil-rich western provinces, with peace in 1988, Iran was devastated economically	31
463949441	Vietnam Conflict	French colony, occupied by Japan during World War 2, France unable to regain control, 1960s US military involvement, 1975 fall of the entire country to communism	32
770435516	Six-Day War	conflict (1967) between Israel and serval Arab states, Irrael took over Jerusalem, the Golan Heights, the Sinai Peninsula and the West Bank	33
584893415	Solidarity	a polish trade union that began the nation's protest against communist rule	34
979545608	Tiananmen Square	Beijing site of 1989 student protest in favor of democracy, the Chinese military killed large number of protesters	35
880139995	Gran Colombia	the temporary union of the northern portion of South America after the independence movement led by Simón Bolívar	36
1018115736	Reign of Terror	the period (1793-1794) of the most extreme violence during the French Revolution	37
900076407	Fief	in medieval Europe, a grant of land given in exchange for military or other services	38
73630839	Middle Ages	the period of European history traditionally given as 50-1500	39
287446833	Medieval	pertaining to the Middle Ages of European history	40
190282050	Parliament	a representative assembly	41
367432628	Duma	the Russian parliament	42
183405050	Vassal	in medieval Europe, a person who pledged military or other service to a lord in exchange for a gift of land or other privilege	43
696265740	Economic Imperialism	control of a country's economy by the businesses of another nation, example: United Fruit Company in Latin America	44
827642473	Holy Roman Empire	the tenth-century term for Germany and northern Italy, provided some unity for Western Europe, delayed the unification of Italy and Germany	45
160231702	Imperialism	the establishment of colonial empires	46
601870545	Trans-Siberian Railroad	linked the European portion of Russia with the Pacific world, result of Russian government support for industry in the nineteenth century	47
980819629	Changes in Industrial Society After 1850	higher wages and shorted working hours, more leisure time activities, popular interest in the theater and sports, popular use of manufactured goods	48
147757298	Condition of Early Industrial Cities	crowded, unsanitary, poorly sit, no police protection	49
50768792	Social Change of Industrialization	separated family members, workers had to follow schedules, noise of machinery, rapid pace of work, women's loss of jobs available under the domestic system	50
101459694	Zaibatsu	a large industrial organization created in Japan during the industrialization of the late nineteenth century	51
599702527	Russification	a tsarist program that required non-Russians to speak only Russian and provided education only for those groups loyal to Russia	52
651870879	Potsdam Conference	meeting (1945) of US, British, and Soviet leaders, gave he Soviet Union control of Eastern Europe and divided Germany into zones of occupation	53
1009260508	Pan-Slaic Movement	A Russian attempt to unite all Slavic nations into a commonwealth relationship under the influence of Russia	54
1009260509	Holocaust	the Nazi program during World War 2 that killed 6 million Jews and other groups of people considered "undesirable"	55
227502495	Kabuki Theater	Japanese theater of the seventeenth century that features colorful scenery and consumes and an exaggerated style of acting, its tradition continues today	56
572480701	Central Powers	in World War 1, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and other nations that fought with them against the Allies	57
410007330	Green Revolution	improved irrigation methods and the use of high-yield seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides to improve agricultural production, especially successful in Asia	58
487104818	Self-Strengthening Movement	a late nineteenth-century movement in which the Chinese modernized their army and encouraged Western investment in factories and railways	59
362719666	Guest Workers	workers from North Africa and Asia who migrated to Europe during the late twentieth century to seek employment, some settled in Europe permanently	60
467532291	Ozone Depletion	the thinning of the layer of the gas ozone high in the Earth's atmosphere, ozone serves as a proaction against the sun's ultraviolet rays	61
34250017	Pogrom	violence against Jews tsarist Russia	62
813805865	Quantum Physics	the discipline based on the 1900 research of German physicist Max Planck, Planck found that light and energy flow in small units that he named "quanta"	63
72797913	Romanticism	a literary and artistic movement in the nineteenth-centruy Europe, emphasized emotion over reason	64
173470631	Vikings	settled in Europe in the tenth century, inhabited Iceland, established temporary settlements in Greenland and North America	65
1064857825	Manifest Destiny	in the United States, the mid-nineteenth-centruy belief that the country was destined to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific	66
220098176	Period Three: Change in Southeast Asia	increased trade with Europe, Columbian Exchange	67
847687510	Period Three: Change in Central Asia	Russian expansion	68
127439074	Period Three: Change in Oceania	some European explorations	69
377964675	Period Three: Change in South Asia	Colombian Exchange, return to local governments	70
701976597	Sandinistas	a left-wing group that overthrew the dictatorship of Nicaraguan Anastacio Somoza in 1979	71
620720583	Toltets	pre-Columbian nomad who moved into central Mexico, Chichén Itza, long distance trade	72
162432157	Al-Andalus	Islamic Spain, 711-1492, Caliphte of Cordoba, preserved Greco-Roman culture, enhancing it with Muslim mathematics and science	73
978097838	Manorialism	the system of self-sufficient estates that arose in medieval Europe	74
136476738	Sub-Saharan Africa	Nigeria, Somalia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, South Africa, Kalahari Desert, tropical rainforest, Great Rift Valley, Lake Victoria	75
1029779552	Huns	Nomads of Central Asia, their movement in the fifth century pushed Germanic tribes into the Roman Empire	76
608263860	Hsiung-nu (Xiongnu)	nomadic tribes along the northwest border of China during the Han dynasty, their invasion in 220 C.E. led to the collapse of the Han dynasty	77
340776526	Christianity	Jesus was the Messiah promise to the Jews, salvation through faith in Jesus as God and Savior, a missionary religion	78
284800373	Judaism	monotheism, a covenant between God and Abraham identifying the Jews and God''s people, not a missionary religion	79
775860663	Pope	the head of the Roman Catholic Church	80
1722074148	Nirvana	in Buddhism a state of perfect peace that is the goal of reincarnation	81
577011755	Daoism	a belief of China in the fifth century B.C.E, adapted the concept of the yin yang, understanding comes from following a life force (The Way)	82
737119081	Radicalism	a western European political philosophy during the nineteenth century, advocated democracy and reforms favoring lower class	83
209541593	Feudalism	a political, economic, and social system, it intended to provide protection for both lord and vassal	84
585891687	Muslim	"one who submits", a follower of Islam	85
1680151985	Ramadan	the hoy month of Islam, commemorates the appearance of the angel Gabriel to Muhammad, fasting is required during this month	86
1059256236	Scholar-Gentry	the Chinese class of well-educated men from whom many o the bureaucrats were chosen	87
1820878480	Lateen Sail	a triangular sail attached to a short mast, enhances European oceanic navigation	88
191143503	Kamikaze	the "divine wind" credited by the Japanese with preventing the Mongol invasion of Japan during the thirteenth century	89
643252726	Social Darwinism	the application of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection to human society	90
737876106	Columbian Exchange	the exchange of food crops, livestock, and disease between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres after the voyages of Columbus	91
846567983	Caravel	a small, easily steerable ship used the by the Portuguese and Spanish in their explorations	92
796889563	Capitalism	an economic system based on private ownership and opportunity for profit-making	93
1778639899	Batu-Speaking Peoples	name given to a group of sub-Saharan African peoples whose migrations altered the society sub-Saharan Africa	94
1294986227	Quechua	Andean society also known as the Inca, well-organized empire, integration of diverse peoples into the empire	95
502117783	Age Grade	an age group into which children were places into Bantu societies, gave children privileges and responsibilities suitable for their ages	96
1286424092	Queu	a braided ponytail that Manchus required Chinese men to wear to distinguish them for the Manchus	97
563128563	Excommunication	the practice of Christian churches of prohibiting participation in the sacraments to those who do not comply which church teaching practices	98
110588334	Noh Theater	the classical Japanese drama with music and dances performed on a simple state by elaborately dressed actors, a continuing tradition	99
1301426755	Enclosure Movement	the fencing of pasture land in England prior to the Industrial Revolution	100
470526262	Domestic System	a manufacturing sustem in which the stages of the manufacturing process are carries out in private homes rather than in a factory setting	101
689216942	Middles Passage	the portion of trans-Atlantic trade that involved the passage of slaves from Africa to Americas	102
502164927	Northwest Passage	a passage through the North American continent that was sought by early explorers to North America as a route to trade with the East	103
291603882	Factor	an agent with trade privileges in early Russia	104
1502514916	Bronze Age	term for the later Neolithic period, characterized by the use of bronze (an alloy of copper and tin)	105
358743274	Manchus	peoples from northeastern Asia, founded China's Qing dynasty	106
1555389408	Welfare State	a nation which the government plays an active role in providing serves such as social security to its citizens	107
750886406	Modern Architecture	featured the use of concrete and broad expanses of glass	108
839881953	Civil Rights Movement	US movement of the 1950s and 1960s, ended segregation of African Americans and increased voting rights	109
120668191	Ottoman Decline	corrupt rulers, strengthened military powers of Christians and other Muslims, effects of European inflation, reliance on outdated technology	110
835196477	Scientific Revolution	a European intellectual movement in the seventeenth century that established the basis for modern science	111
611160876	Heliocentric Theory	the concept that the sun is the center of the universe	112
1993133685	Indulgence	a document whose purchase was said to grant the bearer the forgiveness of sins	113
228236975	Ninety-Five Theses	statements for debate drawn up by Marin Luther, stated that salvation is obtained through faith in Jesus as the savior of the world from sin	114
1120259084	Radio Technology	used for communication during World War 1, first commercial radio broadcast aired in 1920, government control of the airwaves in Europe	115
575403024	World War 1 New Technology	airplanes used in combat, dirigibles, tanks, more sophisticated weaponry, poison gas	116
738861017	Robots	first used in Japan, adopted in Europe for use in mines and the automobile industry, increased industrial productivity	117
1803200254	Cubism	a school of art in which persons and objects are represented by geometric forms, example: the works of Pablo Picasso	118
1037445065	Evangelical	pertaining to preaching the Gospel, pertaining to theologically conservative Christians	119
1648255423	East Asian Demographics	high population growth, by the 1980's South Korea had the highest population density in the world, Japan promoted birth control and abortion	120
677107477	China's One-Child Policy	only one child per family allowed, forced abortions and sterilizations, relaxed in some part of Child by 2007 to allow some urban coupes to have two children	121
1744424509	Aswan Dam Project	attempt by Egypt to create additional farmland, its interference in the Nile's flood patterns deprived the land of ferule slit, increased deposits of salt in the soil	122
836463111	Leauge of Nations	international organization founder after World War 1 to promote peace and cooperation among nations	123
1987639007	Spanish Civil War	a conflict (1936-1939) that resulted in the installation of fascist dictator Francisco Franco as ruler of Spain	124
1493888214	Latin American Migration	sizable migration as inhabitants of rural areas migrated to urban regions in search of jobs, newcomers lived in shantytowns on the outskirts of cities	125
1334696842	Quran	the holy book os the Islam	126
1564372480	Population Growth in Rural Africa and Asia	often led to overgrazing and deforestation, depletion of the rain crest is a factor in global warming	127
1527035185	World War 2 New Technology	atomic bomb, jet engines, tape recordings, radar	128
993023042	Agriculture in the Yangtze River Valley	cultivated rice about 6500 B.C.E	129
1139563601	Agriculture in the Huang He Valley	cultivation of soybeans and millet c. 5500 B.C.E, domesticated chickens, pigs and later water buffalo	130
1758624609	Agriculture in the Southeast Asia	about 3500 B.C.E, inhabitants grew root crops such as yams and taro, a variety of citrus and other fruits	131
635458569	Agriculture in Central Mexico	around 4000 B.C.E the peoples of central Mexico cultivated maize, or corn, later added beans, squash, tomatoes and peppers	132
611320267	Andean Agriculture	potatoes first cultivated c 3000 B.C.E, maize and beans were added later, domesticated llamas, alpacas, and guinea pigs	133
1848889636	Slash-and-Burn Cultivation	an agricultural method in which farmers clear fields by cutting and burning trees, the ashes are used as fertilizer	134
1889606926	Geocentric Theory	the belief held by many before the scientific revolution that the Earth is the center of the universe	135
212375730	Yahweh	Jehovah, the God of the Jews	136
1443574576	Yin and Yang	in ancient Chinese belief, the opposing forces that bring balance to nature and life	137
350082496	British Commonwealth	political community of the United Kingdom, its dependencies and former British colonies that are now sovereign nations, now called the Commonwealth of Nations	138
463491440	Reparations	the payment of war doubts by the losing side	139
2151593035	Fascism	a political movement characterized by extreme nationalism, one-party rule, and denial of individual rights	140
213227062	Yuan Dynasty	1271-1368, name given to the Mongol rule of China, religious toleration, welcomed foreign scholars and artisans, Chinese local officials	141
1056017458	Period Five: Change in North America	fight against terrorism, transmission of the U.S culture, ciil rights movement	142
652077840	Period Five: Change in Eastern Europe	communism, depression, end of communism	143
256801726	Period Five: Change in Western Europe	depression, loss of world dominance, economic prosperity, guest workers	144
1591659736	Period Five: Change in East Asia	depression, foot binding outlawed, high-tech industries	145
521099476	Period Three: Change in Eastern Europe	columbian exchange, Islam	146
316264469	Spanish-American War	conflict (1898) between the United States and Spain, began the rise of the United States as a world power	147
838158286	Middle Kingdom	term applied to the rich agricultural lands of the Yangtze River valley under the Zhou dynasty	148
328905687	Period Three: Change in Sub-Saharan Africa	reduced population in some regions, Columbian Exchange, dependence on European technology	149
667532220	Period Three: Change in North Africa	Columbian exchange	150
644379680	Bushi	regional military leaders in feudal Japan, ruled small kingdoms from fortresses	151
429524362	Metropolitan	the head of the Eastern Orthodox Church	152
592545779	Period Five: Change in Southeast Asia	decolonization, communism, tourism	153
1424699817	Period Five: Change in Oceania	immigration from Asia	154
2225279510	Kowtow	a ritualistic bow practiced in the Chinese court	155
2225280288	Samurai	the military class of feudal Japan	156
2225281435	Period Two: Change in Oceania	settlement of Hawaii	157
2225282597	Period Five: Change in Sub-Saharan Africa	decolonization, end of apartheid	158
2225284772	Period Five: Change in North Africa	decolonization, guest workers	159
2225285813	Period Five: Change in Southwest Asia (Middle East)	mandates, creation of Israel, ran-Israeli wars	160
2225288114	Persian Empire	550-330 B.C.E, tolerance toward the customs of conquered peoples, Zoroastrianism, royal road, trade and cultural exchange with Greece	161
2225291390	Period Four: Change in Southeast Asia	European and East Asian influence	162
2225292376	Allied Powers in World War 1	the nations of Great Britain, France, Russia, the United States, and others that fought against the Central Powers	163
2225293460	Sepoys	South Asian soldiers who served in the British army in India	164
2225294243	Daimyo	A Japanese feudal lord in charge of an army of samurai	165
2225295869	Black Death	European name for the outbreak of the bubonic plague that spread across Asia, Europe, and North Africa in the fourteenth century	166
2225300022	Period Three: Change in North America	Columbian exchange, European presence	167
2225303052	Period Three: Change in Southwest Asia ((Middle East)	Columbian exchange, Ottoman decline	168
2225304198	Han Dynasty	200 B.C.E-220 C.E, beginning of the Chinese civil service exam, silk road trade, paper manufacture, a time of peace, strong patriarchy	169
2225307448	Mauryan Dynasty	322-232 B.C.E the first rulers to unify most of the Indian subcontinent, encouraged trade, spread Buddhism	170
2225309390	Gupta Empire	320-550 C.E, development of the decimal system, smallpox inoculation, sterilization during surgery, deterioration in the status of women	171
2225312159	Period Three: Change in Western Europe	columbian exchange	172
2225312160	Phoenicians	developed an alphabet of twenty-two letters representing consonants, the Greeks adopted their alphabet, adding letters for vowel sounds	173
2225320799	Athens	developed a democracy, achievements in science, philosophy and the arts, Golden Age under Pericles (443-429 B.C.E)	174
2225322857	People of Han	name used even today by the Chinese as a tribute to the accomplishments of the Han to Chinese culture	175
2225325936	Roman Empire	27 B.C.E-476 C.E, roads and aqueducts, common language: Latin, active trade, birth of Jesus, adapted Greek culture	176
2225328998	Cuban Missile Crisis	confrontation (1962) between the US and the Soviet Union over the presence of Soviet missiles in Cuba, a classic example of brinkmanship	177
2225331522	Latifundia	large landholdings in the Roman Empire	178
2225332550	Period Four: Change in East Asia	dependence on Western technology, end of Chinese dynastic rule, bicameral parliament (Japan)	179
2225334451	Cold War	the tense diplomatic relationship between the United States and the Soviet union after WW2	180
2225335640	Foot Binding	in China, a method of breaking and binding women's feet, seen as a sign of social position, confined women to the household	181
2225345307	Junks	large Chinese sailing ships especially designed for long distance travel	182
2225347466	Period Four: Change in Oceania	European colonization, European diseases	183
2225348291	Serf	a peasant bound to the land he or she works	184
2225348869	Women in Early Islamic Society	not subject to wearing the veil or seclusion, equal with men before Allah, could own property, later secluded from the public	185
2225350444	Classical Greek Culture	Gods with human characteristics, Olympic games, tragedy and comedy, philosophy emphasizing human reason	186
2225353175	Berlin Airlift	in 1947 Western attempts to stabilize German currency led to a Soviet blockade of Berlin, Britain and the Unite States airlifted supplies to Berlin until the blockade was lifted	187
2225356226	Polynesian Voyages	after 600, migration from island to island in the Pacific, set up regional kingdoms in the Hawaiian Islands, settled New Zealand	188
2225359096	Service Industries	occupations that provide a service rather than a manufactured or agricultural product	189
2225361468	Exploitation of Mars	US orbiter landings on Mars have provided opportunities for the investigation of potential landing sites on the Red Planet	190
2225363634	Hubble Space Telescope	developed in 1990 by the US and European nations, capable of observing objects in remote areas of the universe	191
2225364753	Helsinki Accords	in 1975 political and human rights agreement signs in Helsinki, Finland, by Western European countries and the Soviet Union	192
2225370146	Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA))	the blueprint of heredity	193
2225370725	African Trade After WW2	reliance on the sale of minerals and cash crops to finance their industries, nigerian membership in OPEC, native african art exports	194
2225375957	Cuban Trade Under Communism	after the Cuban Revolution, Cuba's economy tied into the Soviet economy, rapid deterioration of the Cuban economy after the Soviet Union's fall	195