AP Human Geography - Language Flashcards

5866708572	Creole	a language that began as a pidgin language but was later adopted as the mother tongue of a region and/or people	0
5866708573	Dialect	local or regional characteristics of a language. More than just a different accent, dialects have distinctive grammar and vocabulary, sentence structure, rhythm, and the pace of speech	1
5866708574	Extinct Language	A language that is going extinct	2
5866708575	Ideogram	pictures that symbolize ideas	3
5866708576	Indo-European	a large, widespread family of languages, the surviving branches of which include Italic, Slavic, Baltic, Hellenic, Celtic, Germanic, and Indo-Iranian, spoken by about half the world's population: English, Spanish, German, Latin, Greek, Russian, Albanian, Lithuanian, Armenian, Persian, Hindi, and Hittite	4
5866708577	Isogloss	geographical boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs	5
5866708578	Language	a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols	6
5866708579	Language Branch	A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousands of years ago. Differences are not as extensive or as old as with language familes	7
5866708580	Language Family	group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin (e.g., Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan,...)	8
5866708581	Lingua Franca	a common language used by speakers of different languages for trade and commerce	9
5866708582	Official Language	a governmentally designated language of instruction and other official public and private communication	10
5866708583	Pidgin Language	When parts of two or more languages( usually of linguas francas) are combined in a simplified structure and vocabulary.	11
5866708584	Standard Language	The variant of a language that a country's political and intellectual elite seek to promote as the norm for use in schools, government, the media, and other aspects of public life.	12
5866708585	Toponym	the study of place names. (e.g., San Diego or San Francisco indicate they were established by Spain due to their Spanish and Catholic connotations)	13
5866708586	Trade Language/Lingua Franca	common languages used by merchants who did not speak a common tongue. "Common language" used among speakers of different languages for the purpose of trade and commerce.	14
5866708587	Vernacular language	everyday language used by people, includes slang, typically what is spoken, not written, though not always the case. IDK how else to describe it. Y'all just study, k?	15
5866708588	Explain how Language Families, Branches, and Groups are classified and related	Language Families-group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin (e.g., Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan,...) Language Branches-A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousands of years ago. Differences are not as extensive or as old as with language familes Language groups-set of languages with a relatively recent common origin and many similar characteristics (e.g., Germanic, Romance, Slavic, ...) Similarities- LANGUAGE, origin	16
5866708589	Map the Distribution of Major Families Worldwide		17
5866708590	Show the following language groups and give specific examples from each Germanic Slavic Romance	Germanic- English, German, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish Slavic- Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Serbo-Croaction, Bulgarian. Romance- French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, Portuguese.	18
5866708593	Describe how languages become extinct and efforts use to preserve them	How they become extinct: - Language Shift (group of people begin to speak another language) - Globalization How to Preserve: - Isolation - Education/Literary Tradition - Cultural/Language Preservation Groups/Societies	19
5866708594	Dialect chains	A set of contiguous dialects in which the dialects nearest to each other at any place in the chain are most closely related.	20
5866708595	Subfamilies	Divisions within a language family where the commonalities are more definite and the origin is more recent.	21
5866708596	Cognate	a word that has the same linguistic derivation as another word (i.e., the word comes from the same root as another word)	22
5866708597	Proto-Indo-European	Linguistic hypothesis proposing the existence of an ancestral Indo-European language that is the hearth of the ancient Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit languages; this hearth would link modern languages from Scandinavia to North Africa and from North America through parts of Asia to Australia.	23
5866708598	Proto-Eurasiatic	Linguistic hypothesis proposing the existence of a language or group of languages that predated, and gave rise to, Proto-Indo-European and other language families with Eurasian origins.	24
5866708599	Language Divergence	The opposite of language convergence; a process suggested by German linguist August Schleicher whereby new languages are formed when a language breaks into dialects due to a lack of spatial interaction among speakers of the language and continued isolation eventually causes the division of the language into discrete new languages.	25
5866708600	Romance Languages	Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian	26
5866708601	Slavic Languages	Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Serbocroatian, Bulgarian	27
5866708602	Germanic Languages	English, German, Danish, Norweigen, and Swedish	28
5866708603	Global Language	The language used most commonly around the world; defined on the basis of either the number of speakers of the language, or prevalence of use in commerce and trade.	29
5866708604	Syncretism	blending of aspects of culture/religion/schools of thought	30