Period 2- AP World History Flashcards

AP World History Period 2: 600 BCE to 600 CE

4419669346	What factors shaped the features of early trade routes in the eastern hemisphere?	Climate and location of routes, typical trade goods, and the ethnicity of the people involved.	0
4419669347	What are the 4 most significant trade routes of the period between 600BCE and 600CE?	1. Eurasian Silk Roads 2. Trans-Saharan caravan routes 3. Indian Ocean sea lanes 4. Mediterranean sea lanes	1
4419669348	What new technologies facilitated long-distance communication and exchange between 600BCE and 600CE?	Yokes, saddles, and stirrups permitted the use of domesticated pack animals.	2
4419669349	What factors stimulated early exchanges along maritime routes from East Africa to East Asia?	Innovations in maritime technology and advanced knowledge of monsoon winds. Ex. Lateen sail and dhow ships.	3
4419669350	What are the various forms of exchanges that took place between 600BCE and 600CE?	Trade goods, people, technology, religious and cultural beliefs, food crops, domesticated animals, and disease pathogens.	4
4419669351	What crops spread from South Asia to the Middle East?	Rice and cotton.	5
4419669352	What changes did the spread of crops encourage?	Changed in farming and irrigation techniques.	6
4419669353	What religious and cultural traditions were transformed as they spread?	Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism.	7
4419669354	The number and size of key states and empires grew dramatically by:	Imposing political unity.	8
4419669355	What are the 6 key states/empires and their locations?	Southwest Asia: Persian Empire East Asia: Qin and Han Empires South Asia: Mauryan and Gupta Empires Mediterranean: Phoenecia, Greek City-states, Hellenistic and Roman empires Mesoamerica: Teotihuacan, Maya Andean South America: Moche	9
4419669356	What did the rulers of empires create to organize their subjects?	Administrative institutions	10
4419669357	Two important elements of imperial administrations are:	1. Centralized government 2. Elaborate legal systems & bureaucracies	11
4419669358	What regions hosted the most famous administrative institutions?	China, Persia, Rome, & South Asia	12
4419669359	Name 4 ways in which imperial governments projected military power over large areas.	1. Diplomacy 2. Developing supply lines 3. Building fortifications 4. Defensive walls and roads 5. Drawing new groups of military officers and soldiers from the local populations or conquered peoples	13
4419669360	What function did cities play in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas?	1. Centers of trade 2. Public performance of religious rituals 3. Political administration for states and empires	14
4419669361	Name 2 important early imperial cities.	Rome & Teotihuacan	15
4419669362	What did the social structures of early empires display? What groups were typically included?	Hierarchies / Included cultivators, laborers, slaves, artisans, merchants, elites, or caste groups	16
4419669363	How did imperial societies maintain food production?	Relied on a range of methods such as peasant communities and slavery.	17
4419669364	An important reason to produce surplus in imperial societies was:	To provide rewards for the loyalty of elites.	18
4419669365	___________ continued to shape gender and family relations in imperial societies.	Patriarchy	19
4419669366	What specific empires created difficulties they could not manage?	Roman, Han, Persian, Mauryan, and Gupta	20
4419669367	What types of difficulties did Empires create that often led to their collapse/decline/transformation?	Political, cultural, and administrative	21
4419669368	How did empire create environmental issues and what did these issues lead to?	Successive mobilization of resources led to environmental damage which resulted in social tensions and economic difficulties by concentrating too much wealth in the hands of elites.	22
4419669369	What sorts of external problems did empires face?	Issues along the frontier such as threat of invasions.	23
4419669370	What are 2 important examples of empires' external problem?	Rome: Problems with northern and eastern neighbors Gupta: White Huns	24
4419669371	The codification of the ________ scriptures further associated Judaism with monotheism.	Hebrew (Scriptures)	25
4419669372	The Hebrew scriptures influenced the cultural and legal traditions of what area?	Mesopotamia	26
4419669373	What trend influenced the Jewish diasporic communities in the Middle East? Which peoples were involved?	Conquest of Jewish states by Assyria, Babylonia, and Rome.	27
4419669374	Sanskrit scriptures formed the basis of the __________ religions, which later became known as __________.	Vedic, Hinduism	28
4419669375	What core beliefs did Buddhism preach? What scriptures were they recorded in?	Core beliefs: desire, suffering, and the search for enlightenment. Scriptures: Sutras & other misc. scriptures.	29
4419669376	Buddhism was, in part, a reaction to ____________.	The Vedic beliefs and rituals dominant in South Asia.	30
4419669377	Emperor _______________ of _____________ supported the spread of Buddhism. Buddhism was also spread through ___________________________.	Asoka / Mauryan Empire / efforts of missionaries and merchants and the establishment of educational institutions.	31
4419669378	The philosophical belief system of ___________ came out of China.	Confucianism	32
4419669379	Confucianism's main goal was:	to promote social harmony by outlining proper rituals and social relationships.	33
4419669380	What are the core beliefs of Daoism?	Balance between humans and nature.	34
4419669381	What role did Daoism play in the development of Chinese culture?	It influenced medical theories and practices, pottery, metallurgy, and architecture.	35
4419669382	Christianity drew on which religious tradition?	Judaism	36
4419669383	Initially, Christianity rejected _______________ influences.	Roman & Hellenistic	37
4419669384	Christianity initially spread through ____________, and later through the support of ____________________.	Efforts of missionaries and merchants through many parts of Afro-Eurasia / Emporer Constantine	38
4419669385	What are the cored ideas of Greco-Roman philosophy/science?	Logic, empirical observations, and the nature of political power and hierarchy.	39
4419669386	What role did belief systems play in social systems?	Affected gender roles: Judaism & Christianity: encouraged monastic life Confucianism: emphasized filial piety	40
4419669387	What belief systems continued alongside the codified, written belief systems? Why did these persist outside of core civilizations?	Shamanism/Animism persisted because of their daily reliance on the natural world.	41
4419669388	Which major art forms were influenced by belief systems? Which important examples are provided in the Key Concept outline?	Literature, drama, architecture, and sculpture. / Ex. Greek plays, Indian epics	42