AP language and composition Flashcards

4861918449	Ad Hominem	latin for "to the man", this fallacy refers to the specific diversionary tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker	0
4861919216	Ad Populum(bandwagon appeal)	fallacy that occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do.	1
4861941601	allegory	device using a character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition, to the literal meaning.	2
4861969155	alliteration	repetition of the same sound	3
4861989503	allusion	brief reference to a person, event or place or to a work of art	4
4861991822	analogy	comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things	5
4861997766	anaphora	repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases	6
4862000692	anecdote	brief story used to illustrate a point	7
4862001703	annotation	the taking of notes directly on a text	8
4862003038	antimebole	repetition of words in reverse order	9
4862006107	antithesis	opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in parallel construction	10
4862008745	apostrophe	a figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty for love	11
4862011752	appeal to false authority	fallacy that occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an expert	12
4862015651	appositive	a noun or pronoun often with modifiers set beside another noun or pronoun to explain or identify it	13
4862033454	archaic	diction, old fashioned or outdated choice of words	14
4862035215	argument	process of reasoned inquiry, a persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion	15
4862059710	assertion	a statement that presents a claim or thesis	16
4862063165	asyndeton	omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words	17
4862065028	audience	the listener, viewer, or reader of a text	18
4862072139	backing	toulmin model, this consists of further assurances or data without which the assumption lacks authority	19
4862084029	begging question	a fallacy in which the arguments repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence	20
4862085075	Bias	inclination of temperaments out outlook to present or hold a partial perspective at the experience of alternatives in reference to objects, people, or groups	21
4862094048	circular reasoning	fallacy in which the arguments repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence	22
4862099373	claim	states the arguments main idea or position. differs from a topic or subject because it has to be arguable	23
4862102411	claim of fact	asserts that something is true or not true	24
4862103064	claim of policy	proposes a change	25
4862103661	claim of value	argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong	26
4862105745	classical oration	five part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians. the five parts are introduction (exordium, narration, confirmation, refutation, and conclusion.	27
4862108072	cliché	overused phrase that has become unoriginal	28
4862109925	closed thesis	statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make.	29
4862113191	colloquial/ism	use of slang or informalities in speech or writing, it gives a work a conversational, familiar tone	30
4862117194	complex sentence	a sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clauses	31
4862118785	compound sentence	sentence that includes at least two independent clauses	32
4862119497	concession	acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable in a strong argument, a concession is usually accompanied by a refutation challenging the validity of the opposing argument.	33
4862125887	conclusion	brings the essay to a satisfying close	34
4862131649	confirmation	usually the major part of the text, this includes the proof needed to make the writer's case	35
4862133452	connotation	meanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition, or denotation greatly effects authors tone	36
4862137397	context	the circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text	37
4862139398	counterargument	an opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward	38
4862140354	cumulative sentence	sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on	39
4862144687	declarative sentence	sentence that asserts fact, belief or opinion	40
4862145509	deduction	logical process wherein you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth and applying it to a specific case	41
4862148540	denotation	strict, literal, dictionary meaning of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude or color	42
4862150745	diction	speaker's choice of words	43
4862151805	either/or (false dilemma)	in this fallacy, the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices	44
4862152613	enthymeme	essentially a syllogism with one of the premises implied and taken for granted as understood	45
4862155519	equivocation	a fallacy that uses a term with two or more meanings in an attempt to misinterpret or deceive	46
4862158548	ethos	greek for "character" speakers appeal to this to demonstrate that they are credible trustworthy to speak on a given topic	47
4862165104	euphemism	from the greek word for good speech, this is a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept	48
4862172733	fallacy/logical fallacy	potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument, often arise from a failure to make a logical connection between the claim and the evidence used to support it	49
4862176135	faulty/false analogy	a fallacy that occurs when two things are being compared that are not comparable.	50
4862177301	figurative language	nonliteral language, sometimes referred to as tropes or metaphorical language	51
4862178186	first-hand evidence	based on something the writer knows, whether, it's from personal experience, observations or general knowledge of events	52
4862179942	hasty generalization	a fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence	53
4862182037	hortative sentence	sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action	54
4862182873	hyperbole	deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or to produce a comic or ironic effect, an overstatement to make a point	55
4862184216	idiom	phrases in English used in figurative manner	56
4862184987	imagery	describes words and phrases that recreate, vivid sensory experience in the reader, but not limited to the visual	57
4862186381	imperative sentence	sentence used to command or enjoin	58
4862278377	exordium	in classical oration, the introduction to an argument, in which the speaker announce the subject and purpose, and appeals to ethos in order to establish credibility	59
4862281789	fallacy	logical fallacies are potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument. they often arise from a failure to make a logical connection between the claim and the evidence used to support	60
4862284344	introduction	introduces the reader to subject under discussion	61
4862288002	narration	provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem needs addressing	62
4862295656	refutation	addresses the counterargument. it is a bridge between the writer's proof and conclusion	63
4862299191	Aristotelian triangle	a diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text	64
4862300268	assumption	in the toulmin model, the warrant expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience	65
4978924646	Claim	An assertion or proposition, states the arguments main idea or postition	66
4978924647	Claim of fact	Asserts that something is true or not true	67
4978924648	Claim of policy	Proposes a change	68
4978924649	Claim of value	Argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong	69
4978924650	Closed thesis	A statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make	70
4978924651	Classical oration	Five-part classical structure used by classical rhetoricians	71