AP World History Fall Semester Exam Flashcards

5715696805	Animism	Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.	0
5715699169	Aristocracy	A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility a class of persons holding exceptional rank and privileges, especially the hereditary nobility; a governing body composed of those considered to be the best or most able people in the state; any class or group considered to be superior, as through education, ability, wealth, or social prestige.	1
5715702510	Bureaucracy	a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives	2
5715707951	Continuity	Things, ideas, institutions, social orders, etc that stay the same as time progresses.	3
5715725360	Cultural Diffusion	The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another	4
5715730029	Deity	a god or goddess	5
5715732617	Diaspora	People who come from a common ethnic background but who live in different regions outside of the home of their ethnicity	6
5715735476	Empire	A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler	7
5715738229	Ethnocentrism	Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.	8
5715740399	Ideology	a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.	9
5715743860	Matriarchy (Matrilineal)	a society where the mother is the head of the family and descent is traced through the mother's side of the family	10
5715756883	Monotheism	The belief in and worship of only one God	11
5715761088	Nomadic	wandering from place to place	12
5715761089	Patriarchy	a form of social organization in which the father is the supreme authority in the family, clan, or tribe and descent is reckoned in the male line, with the children belonging to the father's clan or tribe.	13
5715770746	Polytheism	Belief in many gods	14
5715770747	Primary Source	An original document containing the observations, ideas, and conclusions of an individual. It is a firsthand account presented by someone present or actively participating in the event. Examples include manuscripts, photographs, oral histories, and personal journals.	15
5715780580	Secondary Source	A secondhand account of an event or a retelling of another person's observations written by someone who did not witness or actually participate in the events. Includes sources that combine, synthesize, and or interpret information from primary sources. Examples include encyclopedias, textbooks, and reviews.	16
5715783367	Shamanism	tribal religion; involves community acceptance of a shaman, religious leader, healer, and worker of magic who can intercede with the spirit world	17
5715788844	Black Death	The common name for a major outbreak of plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons.	18
5715795584	Hunter-gatherer	a member of a nomadic group whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods.	19
5715798624	Neolithic Revolution	(10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization.	20
5715805267	Neolithic Revolution (AKA)	Agricultural Revolution	21
5715807856	Mesopotamia	A region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that developed the first urban societies.	22
5715814945	Egypt	Ancient civilization in Africa along the Nile River	23
5715825787	River Valley Civilizations	The earliest complex societies that were centered around the Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, Indus, and Huang He areas.	24
5715831828	Code of Hammurabi	A collection of 282 laws which were enforced under Hammurabi's Rule in Ancient Babylon. One of the first examples of written law in the ancient civilizations.	25
5715838162	Jewish Rebellion	a rebellion by the Jewish Zealots against Rome's insistence on controlling religion - 1 million Jews were killed	26
5715849675	Plato	427-347 BC; Socrates' most famous student; described the ideal form of government in his famous book, The Republic	27
5715853454	Aristotle	Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought.	28
5715857703	Socrates	(470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes.	29
5715862910	Greek Political Strata / Citizenship Rights	Citizens were free adult males: women, foreigners, and slaves had no political rights	30
5715872822	Han Dynasty	(202 BC - 220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; Han rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth; it was a time of prosperity	31
5715879180	Fall of Han Dynasty	Divisions within the ruling elite limited the effectiveness of the government, land distributions, private armies, unrest, economic decline, epidemics, ended in 220 C.E.	32
5715882951	Mesoamerica	region of the America's were the early civilizations were located (including the Maya)	33
5715888371	Silk Road	An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay.	34
5715891464	Indian Ocean Trade	Connected to Europe, Africa, and China. Worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion.	35
5715903512	Tang Dynasty	(618-907 CE) The Chinese dynasty that was much like the Han, who used Confucianism. This dynasty had the equal-field system, a bureaucracy based on merit, and a Confucian education system.	36
5715915930	Song Dynasty	(960 - 1279 AD); this dynasty was started by Tai Zu; by 1000, a million people were living there; started feet binding; had a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with india and persia (brought pepper and cotton); first to have paper money, explosive gun powder; *landscape black and white paintings	37
5715926632	Byzantine Empire	(330-1453) The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine.	38
5715931858	Constantine	(274 CE - 337 CE) Roman Emperor between 306 CE and 337 CE. He issued the Edict of Milan which outlawed the persecution of Christians. He also founded the city of Constantinople, the future capital of the Byzantine Empire.	39
5715934984	Constantinople	A large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul	40
5715938021	Edict of Milan	(313 CE) Proclamation by the Roman Emperor Constantine outlawing the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.	41
5715941207	Khanates	Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan.	42
5715950533	Genghis Khan	Also known as Temujin; he united the Mongol tribes into an unstoppable fighting force; created largest single land empire in history.	43
5715959856	Crusades	A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.	44
5715963133	Pope Urban II	Leader of the Roman Catholic Church who asked European Christians to take up arms against Muslims, starting the Crusades	45
5715963134	Feudalism	A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land	46
5715968289	Manorial System	a system in Medieval Europe in which all legal and economic power was given to the lord of an agricultural estate or manor, which was worked by their peasants and serfs.	47
5715977588	Inca Empire	(1450-1572 CE), Largest Empire ever built in South America; territory extended 2,500 miles from north to south and embraced almost all of modern Peru, most of Ecuador, much of Bolivia, and parts of Chile and Argentina; maintained effective control from the early 15th century until the coming of Europeans in the early 16th century. Built lots of roads.	48
5715993124	Aztec	(1200-1521) 1300, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshipped many gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky. Practiced human sacrifices and those sacrificed were captured warriors from other tribes and those who volunteered for the honor.	49
5715995478	Mississippian	An important mound-building culture that thrived between 800 and 1500 C.E. in a territory that extended from the Mississippi River to the Appalachian Mountains. The largest mound produced by this culture is found at Cahokia, Illinois.	50
5716001214	Ashoka	Leader of the Mauryan dynasty of India who conquered most of India but eventually gave up violence and converted to Buddhism.	51
5716006553	Gupta Dynasty	Indian Empire (320 CE-550 CE) known for re-establishing Hinduism and for achievements in math and science.	52
5716008814	Hinduism	A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms	53
5716008815	Buddhism	A religion founded in India by Siddhartha Gautama which teaches that the most important thing in life is to reach peace by ending suffering.	54
5716013376	Siddhartha Gautama	founder of Buddhism	55
5716017359	Islam	A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.	56
5716021990	Christianity	A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.	57
5716027254	Judaism	A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament.	58
5716034620	Mesopotamian Gods	Moody and powerful; destroyed humanity with a flood because the humans were too noisy while they were trying to sleep	59
5716048040	Epic of Gilgamesh	The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem from Ancient Mesopotamia and is among the earliest known works of literary fiction.	60
5716050466	Egyptian Gods	revered for the comfortable and relatively prosperous life led along the Nile River	61
5716061413	Footbinding	In China, a method of breaking and binding women's feet; seen as a sign of beauty and social position, footbinding also confined women to the household	62
5716064304	Confucianism	A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.	63
5716074112	Mongols	A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia.	64
5716076990	Taklamakan Desert	the desert of death - Silk Roads went on outskirts through oasis towns	65
5716095006	Zoroastrianism	A religion that developed in early Persia and stressed the fight between the forces of good and the forces of evil and how eventually the forces of good would prevail.	66
5716098485	Roman Republic	This establishment consisted of the Senate with two consuls who were elected by an assembly dominated by hereditary aristocrats known as patricians.	67
5716106183	Roman Consul	Roman rulers with equal powers who each ruled for one year. Could veto each other.	68