Chapter 6 & 7 AP world history Flashcards

3098275607	bedouin	nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam	0
3098289489	Anamists		1
3098295265	Ridda Wars	wars that followed Muhammad's death; resulted in the defeat of rival prophets and some larger clans; restored unity of Islam	2
3098295266	Jihads	struggle, often used for wars in defensive of the faith	3
3098297813	Battle of Siffin	fought in 657 between forces of Ali and Umayyads; settled negotiation that led to fragmentation of Ali's party	4
3098297814	Mawali	non-arab converts to Islam	5
3098301513	Jizya	head taxed paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territory	6
3098301514	Ghazu		7
3098303892	Dhimmi	Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later expanded to Zoroastrians and even Hindus	8
3098303893	Damascus	Syrian city that was the capitol of Umayyad caliphate	9
3098305779	Baghdad	capitol of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capitol of Ctesiphon	10
3098305780	Ayan	the wealthy landed elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule	11
3098307441	Sunni	most popular in the world anyone can rule Arian	12
3098307442	Shia	also known as Shi'ites; political and theological division within Islam; followers of Ali blood descendent Persian	13
3098308731	Sufi	mystics within Islam; responsible for expansion of Islam to southern Asia and other regions meditated	14
3098309975	Koran (Qur'an)	holy book of Islam	15
3098309976	Ramadan	month long holiday included fasting every nine months	16
3098311399	Caliph	the political and religious successor to Muhammad	17
3098311400	Caliphate	a form of Islamic government led by a caliph	18
3098313336	Umayyad	first great Muslim dynasty to rule the Caliphate	19
3098313337	Abbasid	dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; came to power in 750C.E.	20
3098315622	Muhammad the Prophet	founder of Islam	21
3098315623	Mosque	Islamic place for worship	22
3098315624	Imam	according to Shi'ism, rulers who could trace descent from the successors of Ali	23
3098317235	Hajj	A Muslim's pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca, to worship Allah at the Ka'ba	24
3098317236	Shahadah	one God Allah	25
3098318752	Sawm	fasting	26
3098318753	Zakat	tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims	27
3098318754	Salat	prayer five times a day facing the city of Mecca	28
3098320545	Dhow	arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails, strongly influenced European ship design	29
3098320546	Abu Bakr	companion of 1st Muslim leader after Muhammad; regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful successor; Shi'ah regarded him as a traitor of Muhammad; known as best interpreter of dreams following Muhammad's death	30
3098320547	Umar		31
3098322330	Uthman	third caliph murdered by numerous warriors returning from Egypt	32
3098322331	Ali	cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of orthodox caliphs; focus for Shi'a	33
3098322332	Al-Mahdi	third of the caliphs; attempted but failed to reconcile moderates among Shi'a to Abbasid dynasty; failed to resolve the problem of succession	34
3098324917	Harem	the part of a Muslim palace or house reserved for the residence of women	35
3098324918	Sunni-Shia Split	battle of siffin	36
3098327256	Architecture	Muslims	37
3098329387	Art (characteristics)		38
3098329388	Crusaders	series of military adventures initially launched by western Christmas to free Holy Land from Muslims; temporarily succeeded in capturing Jerusalem and establishing Christian kingdoms; later used for other purposes such as commercial wars and extermination of heresy	39
3098332380	Al-Ghazali	brilliant Islamic theologian; struggled to fuse Greek and Qur'anic traditions; not entirely accepted by ulama	40
3098334174	The Thousand and One Nights		41