AP WORLD HISTORY**** Flashcards

3597455870	HUMAN PREHISTORY- EARLY CIVILIZATIONS	2.5 MILLION- 1000 BCE	0
3597360152	Homo Sapiens sapiens~	The humanoid species that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period. P. 11	1
3597355897	Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age	The Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 BCE; typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence. P.10	2
3597363375	Neolithic (New Stone) Age	The New Stone Age between 8,000 and 5,000 BCE; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished. P. 12	3
3597368149	Neolithic Revolution	The succession of technological innovation and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture. 8,500-3,500 BCE. P. 13	4
3597371782	hunting and gathering		5
3597373228	Bronze Age	From about 4,000 BCE when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 1,500 BCE when Iron began to replace it. P 15	6
3597374912	Slash and burn Agriculture	A system of cultivation typical of shifting cultivators; forest floors cleared by fire are then planted. P15	7
3597378037	Bands	A level of social organization normally consisting of 20-30 people; nomadic hunters and gatherers; labor divided by gender. P. 15	8
3597380349	Çatal Hüyük	Early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; was larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification. P15	9
3597383177	Civilization	Societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce and food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, as well as merchants and manufacturing groups. P16	10
3597386584	Cuneiform	A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using wedge shaped styles and clay tablets. P17	11
3597387826	Nomads	Cattle and sheep herding societies found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as 'barbarian' by civilized societies P18	12
3597389333	Mesopotamia	Literally "between the rivers": the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and the Euphrates river valleys. P 18	13
3597390810	Sumerians	People who migrated into Mesopotamia c. 1000 BCE created first civilization within region; organized into city- states. P19	14
3597392688	Ziggurats	Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes P 20	15
3597393683	City - States	A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban based king P20	16
3597425771	Babylonians	Unified all of Mesopotamia c. 1800 BCE; Collapsed due to foreign invasions c. 1600 BCE p20	17
3597430914	Hammurabi	(r. 1792-1750 BCE) The most important ruler of the Babylonian empire, responsible for codification of law.	18
3597432299	Pharaoh	p20	19
3597434572	pyramids	monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs p22	20
3597435001	kush	An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 1000 BCE ; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries p22	21
3597436246	Indus River	River sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian sea; location of Harappan Civilization p22	22
3597438626	Harappa	Along with Mohenjodaro, major urban complex of the Harappan civilizations; laid out on planned grid patterns p22	23
3597440384	Mohenjo Daro	Along with Harappa, major urban complex of the Harappan civilizations; laid out on planned grid patterns p22	24
3597441799	Huanghe (Yellow River)	p22	25
3597443359	ideographic	pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing p23	26
3597444900	shang	First Chinese Dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huanghe; flourished 1600 to 1046 bce p23	27
3597447539	Phoenicians	Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established the colonies throughout the Mediterranean p26	28
3597450622	monotheism	the exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into Western Civilization p26	29
3597454344	CLASSICAL PERIOD	1000BCE- 500 CE	30
3597456799	Shi Huangdi	Founder of the brief Qin dynasty in 221 BCE p40	31
3597498114	qin	Established in 221 BCE at the end of the Warring States period following the decline of the Zhou dynasty; (fell in 207 BCE P40	32
3597501764	HAN	Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Qin dynasty in 202 BCE; ruled for the next 400 years p41	33
3597506485	dao (Daoism)	Philosophy associated with Laozi; stressed need for alignment with Dao, or cosmic force p41	34
3597513203	zhou	originally a vassal family of shang china; possible Turkic in origin; overthrew the Shang and established second historical Chinese dynasty that flourished 1122 to 256 BCE p41	35
3597516233	confucious		36