AP World History Time Period 1 Flashcards

4831443562	Origins of man	Africa.	0
4831443563	Homo sapiens sapiens	Direct ancestor of modern humans. Developed in East Africa between 200,000 and 100,000 years ago.	1
4831443564	Paleolithic	2.5 million to - 10,000 years ago (8,000BCE) . Literally means "Old Stone". Although humans also made tools from bone, antlers, and wood. Culture: hunting, gathering (foraging), and nomadism. Perhaps the most remarkable feat was Paleolithic people's ability to migrate and adapt to a wide range of environments.	2
4831443565	Hunter- Forager Society	At center of society was the nuclear family which then expanded outward to include ties between related families. These larger groups were called a Kinship group and included between 20-40 people. The Kinship group expanded out further to include a larger group called a clan. Often clans could further group together in time of need to form a tribe. - Trade often further connected these groups too.	3
4831443566	Patriarchal	Characteristic of a system of society or government controlled by men.	4
4831443567	Animism	The belief that the spirit world is connected intimately to all elements of nature, rivers, mountains, animals, etc.	5
4831443568	Shamanism	Religious leaders who were believed to have special connection with spirit world and an ability to connect with ancestors and cure the sick.	6
4831443570	Egalitarian	Relative equality within a human society. Typical of Paleolithic/Pre-civilized societies in which only small differences separated the poorest from wealthiest.	7
4831443571	Domestication	Taking an animal or plant and adapting it to human use.	8
4831443573	Neolithic/Neolithic Revolution	Literally "New Stone". Agriculture is the big game changer! Begins as early as 10,000 years ago (8000 BCE) in the Middle East - with agriculture humans begin moving toward what we call "civilization".	9
4831443574	Pastoralism	raising of livestock on natural pastures. (early pastoralist people spread farming technology because of mobility)	10
4831443575	Civilization	Agriculture eventually led to societies with settled communities (more urban) . Characteristics: specialization of labor, towns and cities, government, organized religion, technological innovations, including writing.	11
4831443576	Code of Hammurabi	Babylonian King laid down the procedure for law courts and regulated property rights and duties of family members, setting harsh punishments for crimes. Standardizing a legal system was one of the features of early river valley civilizations	12
4831443577	Cuneiform	Sumerian (Mesopotamian) writing. Perhaps the first writing system.	13
4831443578	Ziggurats	Temples to gods in Mesopotamia	14
4831443579	First Empire	Akkadian Empire (Mesopotamia) c. 2260-2223 B.C.E	15
4831443580	Egyptian political + state-organization	Unlike Mesopotamian civilization, Egyptian civilization featured very durable and centralized institutions led by pharaohs who ruled over Egypt's vast Empire.	16
4831443581	Religious make-up of pre-civilized societies	polytheistic	17
4831443582	Egyptian writing	hieroglyphics	18
4831443583	Olmecs	Olmec civilization prospered in Pre-Classical (Formative) Mesoamerica from c. 1200 BCE to c. 400 BCE and is generally considered the forerunner of all subsequent Mesoamerican cultures such as the Maya and Aztecs.	19
4831443584	Chavin	The Chavin civilization flourished between 900 and 200 BCE in the northern and central Andes and was one the earliest pre-Inca cultures.	20
4831443585	Phoenician's key cultural contribution	Phoenician's were a seafaring people from the Levant that eventually settled in North Africa. They developed a simplified alphabet that greatly influenced Greek and Latin culture	21
4831443586	Developed Monotheism	Hebrews worshipped 1 god. (remember this was exceptional at time - most people polytheistic)	22
4831443587	Theocracy	A form of government in which a ruler has political and religious authority	23