AP World History review Flashcards

5116893387	moon-shaped strip of land from the mediterranean sea to the Persian Gulf that is excellent farm land	Fertile Crescent	0
5116915218	located within the Fertile Crescent, between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers	Mesopotamia	1
5116925354	how many city states were formed in Sumer?	12	2
5116926207	the city and the land surrounding it	city states	3
5116927721	stepped pyramids with a temple at the top	ziggurats	4
5116932106	kings served as both government leaders an high priests	theocracies	5
5116935038	Sumerian system of writing	Cuneiform	6
5116936557	oldest story in the world	epic of Gilgamesh	7
5116941581	belief in more than one god; each city state had it own god; negative outlook of afterlife	polytheism	8
5116946435	which first Mesopotamian Empire was ruled under Sargon I	The Akkadians	9
5116953802	which first Mesopotamian empire was ruled by Hammurabi and had a strict code of laws	Babylon	10
5116963022	worlds longest river	Nile	11
5116965819	this is when farmers began to settle down in the valley	500 BCE	12
5116972679	why did early Egyptian farming villages prosper?	because they were protected from foreign invasions by deserts and cataracts in the nile	13
5116974339	ruling by a king	monarchies	14
5116977120	where was lower Egypt?	north	15
5116977679	where was upper Egypt?	south	16
5116980068	what were the 3 Egyptian dynasties?	old, middle, new	17
5116981856	same person is the political and religious leader	Theocracy	18
5116983495	groups of government officials	bureaucracy	19
5116987951	what were the pyramids used for in Egypt?	to bury the kings	20
5116992246	where was the capital of the old Egyptian dynasty?	memphis	21
5116994008	where was the capital of the middle Egyptian dynasty?	Thebes	22
5116996882	who were the first real threat to the Egyptians?	the Hyksos	23
5116998282	what gave the Hyksos a leg up?	they used bronze	24
5117002485	which Egyptian prince raised an army and drove the Hyksos out?	Ahmose	25
5117011324	who was the first Egyptian queen?	Queen Hatshepsut	26
5117014168	many territories under one ruler?	empire	27
5117016402	who create a religion with just 1 god?	Akhenaton	28
5117026236	what class were he kings, nobles, and priests?	upper class	29
5117027577	what class were the artisans, scribes, and merchants?	middle class	30
5117028733	what class were the farmers and the poor?	lower class	31
5117040174	picture symbols used for writing	hieroglyphics	32
5117049012	what mountains separate "the subcontinent" from the rest of Asia?	Himalayas and Hindu Kush	33
5117052485	seasonal winds that affect the climate and way of life	monsoons	34
5117055111	what were the major Indus river Valley civilizations?	Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro	35
5117060077	true or false: indus valley civilizations were made of breaks, had at least one bathroom, and was several stories	true	36
5117067545	why is there not much known about the Indus Valley civilizations?	they can not decipher the pictographs	37
5117080001	what was the first Chinese dynasty?	Shang Dynasty	38
5117083086	what was the Shang Dynasty known for?	production of bronze objects	39
5117086203	said that if rulers were effective, they received the authority to rule from heaven	Mandate of Heaven	40
5117103023	which two neighboring people were greatly influenced by the Egyptians and Mesopotamians	the Aramaeans and the Phoenicians	41
5117107765	settled in central Assyria around 1200 BCE; the capital was Damascus	the Aramaeans	42
5117112865	what was the language of the Aramaeans?	Aramaic	43
5117116128	land between ancient Egypt and Syria	Canaan	44
5117119187	who created the alphabet?	the Phoenicians	45
5117120905	settlement of emigrants formed by the Phoenicians	colonies	46
5117123803	who was the first group to develop a monetary system with set prices and used coins	the Lydians	47
5117125189	means middle	meso	48
5117127002	one of the earliest Mesoamerican civilizations	Olmec civilization	49
5117129506	known for gigantic stone heads carved from basalt	olmecs	50
5117132395	farmers cut down trees to clear land and burned whatever was left	slash and burn farming	51
5117138877	a ritual ball game where rubber balls were batted back and forth across a walled court	Pok-a-tok	52
5117154319	this group conquered Asia Minor; had a very powerful military; set up city-states on plateau called Anatolia	the Hittites	53
5117163882	this group lived in northern Mesopotamia and had the most lethal army in the middle east because they fought with iron weapons	the Assyrians	54
5117169285	true or false: the Assyrians treated their conquered people very nicely	false	55
5117171122	which civilization created the Hanging Gardens of Babylon	the Chaldeans	56
5117174968	the king of the Persia who added many new territories to the empire	Cyrus	57
5117178756	who was the best organizer among the Persians?	Darius	58
5117181492	most magnificent city of the Persian empire	Persepolis	59
5117185103	which Persian king tried conquer Greece to expand the empire	Xerxes	60
5117189179	where did the Minoans live	off the island of Crete	61
5117191079	Crete was ruled by King Minos and he had a large maze called what?	the Labyrinth	62
5117194463	which group migrated from central Asia to the Balkan Peninsula	the Mycenaeans	63
5117198530	singing storytellers that kept the Mycenaean traditions alive during the dark ages	bards	64
5117200580	city state	polis	65
5117202323	those who took part in government, could vote and hold public office	citizens	66
5117206595	rows of foot soldiers close together with shields to form a wall	Phalanx	67
5117208863	one man seized power and ruled the polis	tyrant	68
5117210236	a few wealthy people hold power	oligarchy	69
5117211217	government by the people	democracy	70
5117222892	this Greek city-state was founded by the descendants of Dorian invaders; located on the Peloponnesus Peninsula	sparta	71
5117223938	what were spartan slaves called	helots	72
5117225699	at what age did men enter and then leave the military	7;60	73
5117229870	in which city state, Athens or Sparta were women treated as equals	sparta	74
5117231497	how many kings ruled Sparta	2	75
5117235215	this Greek city-state was founded by descendants of Mycenaeans	Athens	76
5117237541	said that all free, Athenian-born men were citizens, whether they owned land or not	constitution	77
5117240191	this Athenian ruler issued an improved code of laws with very harsh penalties	Draco	78
5117241962	this athenian ruler cancelled all land debt and freed debtors from slavery	solon	79
5117242925	this Athenian ruler divided large estates among landless farmers	Peisistratus	80
5117248890	art of public speaking	rhetoric	81
5117254365	during this battle Darius sent a Persian fleet across the Aegean Sea to the city of Marathon	Battle of Marathon	82
5117257004	during this war Persians took over the Greek city states in Ionia	The Persian Wars	83
5117264934	places of warship	sanctuaries	84
5117266209	the artistic showing of distant as they appear to the eye	perspective	85
5117268451	who were the first to write and perform plays	greeks	86
5117269553	greek tragedy writer who wrote 90 plays	Aeschylus	87
5117277425	he was a sculptor by trade, but spent most of his time teaching; believed in absolute truth and was interested in the process by which people learn to think for themselves	socrates	88
5117280134	born an aristocrat; late became a teacher and opened an academy; was a student of Socrates	Plato	89
5117287273	believed in knowledge gained through the senses; was a student of Plato	Aristotle	90
5117289035	father of history	Herodotus	91
5117291465	wrote about he Peloponnesian war	Thucydides	92
5117292387	studies astronomy and mathematics	Thales	93
5117293607	tried to explain all of life in mathematical terms	Pythagoras	94
5117294448	father of medicine	hippocrates	95
5117295312	what fraction of the population were slaves?	1/3	96
5117304883	who fought in the Peloponnesian war?	Athens and Sparta	97
5117307766	these people descended from the dorians and lived just north of Greece	Macedonians	98
5117311833	which Macedonian ruler had the goal of uniting Europe and Asia under 1 empire and combining the best of greek and Persian culture?	Alexander the Great	99
5117314269	greek ways of life mixed with Persian culture of Middle East to form a new culture	Hellenistic	100
5117318816	these people developed a new civilization in modern day india; located in the Ganges Plain and the Indus River Valley	Aryans	101
5117320170	chief	rajah	102
5117321676	who leaded the Mauryan empire?	Chandragupta Maurya	103
5117339511	this was Chandragupta's grandson who became a devout buddhist	Ashoka	104
5117342880	these laws were carved on rocks throughout the Mauryan empire	the Rock Edicts	105
5117344616	this empire developed 500 years after the Mauryan Empire and was started by Chandragupta I; also considered a golden age	Gupta empire	106
5117347150	what was the official religion of the Gupta Empire	hinduism	107
5117361934	this dynasty ruled for more than 800 years and conquered the Shang Dynasty	Zhou dynasty	108
5117365326	groups of warriors on horseback	cavaliers	109
5117366453	what new weapon was created during the Zhou dynasty	the crossbow	110
5117367705	who was the first emperor of a united china?	Shihuangdi	111
5117371500	throughout which empire did Shihuangdi rule?	Qin dynasty	112
5117372704	this was built in northern china to prevent attacks from the north	the Great Wall of China	113
5117373750	scholars that opposed confucian ideas	legalists	114
5117375194	the philosophy that rejected confucian ideas of learning by example and emphasized strict laws and harsh punishments	legalism	115
5117378707	this Chinese dynasty ruled using confucian doctrines and it flourished	Han dynasty	116
5117380647	major Chinese trade route	silk road	117
5117381981	Chinese peace; 400 year period of prosperity and stability	Pax Sinica	118
5117384773	this system allowed anyone with ability to attain public office	civil service system	119
5117391836	long poems celebrating their heroes	epics	120
5117391837	name the three important Hindu gods	Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva	121
5117394789	what were priests called	brahmins	122
5117395213	Hindu holy books	Vedas	123
5117396126	Hide religious writings compiled by anonymous thinkers	Upanishads	124
5117397161	what is a Hindu's goal in life?	to be united with Brahman	125
5117398077	reincarnation/rebirth of the soul	samsara	126
5117398527	spiritual liberation	moksha	127
5117399543	how a person lives in this life determines what form the person will take in the next life	Karma	128
5117400111	who founded Buddhism	Siddhartha Gautama	129
5117400880	the enlightened one	buddha	130
5117401864	buddhist state of enlightenment	nirvana	131
5117404932	these buddhists believe the buddha is a wise teacher and model but he isn't a god	Theravada Buddhism	132
5117406200	these buddhists believe that Buddha is a god	Mahayana Buddhism	133
5117412345	in taoism this part of the Yin Yang represented superior principle, masculinity, and related to rulers	Yang	134
5117414029	in Taoism this part of the Yin Yang represent inferior principle and feminism	Yin	135
5117417746	which group of people in china were seen as the lowest	merchants	136
5117419216	ranked classed in the indian caste system	varnas	137
5117422878	the faithful and selfless performance of one's present caste duties	Dharma	138
5117423558	determined which caste you would enter at birth	Karma	139
5117425662	emerged in the persian empire around the 6th or 7th century BCE	Zoroastrianism	140
5117426669	belief in only one god	monotheism	141
5117426672	holy messengers	prophets	142
5117430377	who led the Israelites out of egypt in a mass exodus	moses	143
5117431650	who were the Israelites enslaved to?	Babylonians	144
5117432727	made up the first 5 books of the Bible	Torah	145
5117436424	deliverer chose by god	messiah	146
5117437423	special schools to train rabbis	yeshivas	147
5117437969	important book of Jewish Law	Talmud	148
5117438497	followers	disciples	149
5117440232	this man helped spread christianity especially to non-jews	paul	150
5117442401	christian missionaries that spread Christianity in Roman world	Apostles	151
5117442963	leader of the apostles	Peter	152
5117443677	people who died for their beliefs	martyrs	153
5117444958	roman emperor who believed the christian God had helped him win a battle	Constantine	154
5117447646	he made christianity the official religion of the roman empire	Theodosius	155
5117448545	leader of the diocese	Bishop	156
5117449501	bishops of the 5 leading cities	Patriarchs	157
5117450818	head of the Roman Catholic Church	pope	158
5119493310	stretches from central Mexico to northern central America	Mesoamerica	159
5119494349	where did the mayans settle?	Yucatan Peninsula	160
5119500845	true or false: the Mayans took part in human sacrifice and bloodletting rituals	true	161
5119503507	these people in Mayan civilizations were excellent mathematicians and astronomers	Mayan Priests	162
5119510990	In the Mayan Civilization what was based on agriculture and trade?	economy	163
5119521516	this city was northwest of present day Mexico city	Teotihuacan	164
5119554897	this part of Eurasia is relatively warm and well-watered	outer Eurasia	165
5119556416	this part of Eurasia has a harsher, drier climate	inner Eurasia	166
5119558459	who had a monopoly on silk?	china	167
5119560402	what was a major result of trade along the silk road?	spread of buddhism	168
5119570847	which type of buddhism spread, Mahayana or Theravada?	Mahayana	169
5119577628	who spread the black death into Europe?	mongols	170
5119590683	which countries participated in the Mediterranean Sea Trade	Phoenicians, greeks, and Romans	171
5119610782	which countries participated in the Red sea trade?	Egyptians, Phoenicians, and Greeks	172
5119615166	this was a major port and city of commerce	Alexandria	173
5119635783	this became a major center of Buddhist learning and culture	Srivijaya	174
5119644023	the largest Buddhist monument anywhere in the world is located here	Borobudur	175
5119660691	this trade began asa result of environmental variation	Trans-Saharan Trade	176
5119669914	what made the Trans-saharan Trade possible?	camel	177
5119700537	after the fall of what dynasty did people begin to question confucianism?	Han dynasty	178
5119722538	true or false: The Chinese Dynasty immediately accepted Buddhism	false	179
5119734789	where did Islam begin?	Arabian Peninsula	180
5119742116	these people herded sheep and camels, lived in independent tribes, engaged in violent wars	Bedouins	181
5119744772	most important religious shrine in Arabia	Kaaba	182
5119746418	who was the ruling tribe of Mecca	the Quraysh	183
5119749718	who was the founder of islam?	Muhammad	184
5119752212	who did Muhammad claim to be?	the seal of the prophets	185
5119755517	the sacred scripture of Islam	Quran	186
5119760936	what was the primary obligation of all islamic believers?	submission to Allah	187
5119765193	the community of all islamic believers	Umma	188
5119769309	what are the 5 pillars of islam?	faith, prayer, almsgiving, Fasting, and the Hajj	189
5119777116	struggle	jihad	190
5119788240	what is Islamic law?	Sharia law	191
5119796476	who were considered people of the book?	christians, Jews and Zoroastrians	192
5119800568	Arabic word for protected subjects	Dhimmis	193
5119803673	tax on non-muslims	Jizya	194
5119808362	the political and religious leader of the islamic community	caliph	195
5119809503	what are the two divisions of islam?	Sunni and Shia	196
5119813215	this branch of islam believed the caliph is the rightful political leader and that he should be chosen by the islamic community	Sunnis	197
5119824602	this branch of islam believed that the leader of the islamic community should be a blood descendent of Muhammad	Shi'ites	198
5119826744	religious scholars	Ulama	199
5119830313	the only ones that can correctly interpret divine revelations and islamic law	Imams	200
5119837802	what were the two major ruling dynasties during the time of Islam?	Umayyad and Abbasid	201
5119848056	under this dynasty there was a vast expansion, caliphs became hereditary rulers, and the capital became Damascus	Umayyad Dynasty	202
5119873436	this dynasty built up a new capital in Baghdad, non arabs played a prominent role, and political unity did not last long	Abbasid Dynasty	203
5119890736	muslims who believed that the wealth and success of islamic civilizations was a deviation from the purer spirituality of muhammad's time	Sufis	204
5119898275	true or false: spiritually women and men are unequal but socially they are equal?	false; it was the opposite	205
5119907715	women killed by male relative if they violated a sexual taboo	honor killing	206
5119908790	female genital cutting	clitorectomy	207
5119912202	traditions about the saying or actions of Muhammad	the Hadiths	208
5119926557	allowed cities to have their own courts, laws, and appointing their own local officials	charters	209
5119930344	first european estate	the clergy	210
5119931667	second european estate	the landowning nobility	211
5119932542	third european estate	everybody else	212
5119940719	type of learning that balances reason with religious teachings	scholasticism	213
5119949068	what year was the end of the Western Roman empire	476	214
5119953428	what was the capital of the Byzantine empire?	Constantinople	215
5119957538	what was the religion of the Byzantine Empire	eastern orthodox Christianity	216
5119968503	church as state were connected?	Caesaropapism	217
5119975454	what was the Byzantine Empire's biggest weapon?	greek fire	218
5119985120	he wanted to bring a new faith to Russia that would unify the many diverse peoples of the religion	Prince Vladimir	219
5120009521	this new religion blended Islam and Hinduism	Sikhism	220
5120015361	formal colleges	madrassas	221
5120017332	marketplace	bazaars	222
5120021137	this was a research center in Baghdad that was open to all scholars regardless of faith	house of wisdom	223