AP World History - Chapter 12 Flashcards
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| 1949935037 | Period of the Five Dynasties: | Era of continuous warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han. | 0 | |
| 1949935038 | Wendi: | Member of prominent northern Chinese family during the Period of the Six Dynasties; with support from northern nomadic peoples established Sui dynasty in 589. | 1 | |
| 1949935039 | Yangdi: | Second Sui ruler; restored Confucian examination system; constructed canal system; assassinated in 618 | 2 | |
| 1949935040 | Li Yuan: | Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over empire after assassination of Yangdi; first Tang ruler. | 3 | |
| 1949935041 | Ministry of Public Rites: | Administered the examinations for state office during the Tang dynasty. | 4 | |
| 1949935042 | Jinshi: | Title given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office | 5 | |
| 1949935043 | Chan Buddhism: | Called Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular among the elite. | 6 | |
| 1949935044 | Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism: | Emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses. | 7 | |
| 1949935045 | Wuzong: | Tang emperor (841-847); persecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism. | 8 | |
| 1949935046 | Yang Guifei: | Royal concubine of Tang emperor Xuanzong; introduction of relatives into administration led to revolt. | 9 | |
| 1949935047 | Zhao Kuangyin: | General who founded Song dynasty; took royal name of Taizu. | 10 | |
| 1949935048 | Zhu Xi: | Most prominent neo-Confucian scholar during the Song dynasty; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life. | 11 | |
| 1949935049 | Wang Anshi: | Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song ruler in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on legalism; advocated greater state intervention in society. | 12 | |
| 1949935050 | Southern Song: | Smaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history. | 13 | |
| 1949935051 | Jurchens: | Founders of Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced the Song to flee south. | 14 | |
| 1949935052 | Grand Canal: | Great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined the Yellow River region to the Yangzi basin. | 15 | |
| 1949935053 | Junks: | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula. | 16 | |
| 1949935054 | Flying money: | Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency. | 17 | |
| 1949935055 | Changan: | Capital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million; larger than any contemporary world city. | 18 | |
| 1949935056 | Huangzhou: | Capital of later Song; location near East China Sea permitted international commerce; population of more than 1,500,000. | 19 | |
| 1949935057 | Foot binding: | Male-imposed practice to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household. | 20 | |
| 1949935058 | Bi Sheng: | 11th-century artisan; devised technique of printing with movable type; made it possible for China to be the most literate civilization of its time. | 21 | |
| 1949935059 | Li Bo: | Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. | 22 | |
| 1949935060 | Empress Wu: (690 - 705 C.E.) | Tang ruler who supported Buddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created. | 23 | |
| 1949935061 | Xuanzong: | Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755, though he encouraged overexpansion. | 24 | |
| 1949935062 | Liao Dynasty: | Founded in 907 by nomadic Khitan peoples from Manchuria; maintained independence from Song dynasty in China. | 25 | |
| 1949935063 | Sinfication: | Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam. | 26 | |
| 1949935064 | Neo-Confucians: | Revived ancient Confucian teachings in Song era of China; great impact on the dynasties that followed; their emphasis on tradition and hostility to foreign systems made Chinese rulers and bureaucrats less receptive to outside ideas and influences. | 27 | |
| 1949935065 | Xi Xia: | Kingdom of the Tangut people, north of Song kingdom, in mid-11th century; collected tribute that drained Song resources and burdened Chinese peasantry. | 28 |