AP World History Period 2 Flashcards

5706953897	Ahura Mazda	In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world.	0
5706953898	Alexander the Great	conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India.	1
5706953900	Ashoka	The most famous ruler of the Mauryan Empire (r. 268-232 B.C.E.), who converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance.	2
5706953902	Caesar Augustus	The great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war (r. 31 B.C.E.-14 C.E.).	3
5706953903	Cyrus (the Great)	Founder of the Persian Empire (r. 557-530 B.C.E.)	4
5706953904	Darius I	Great king of Persia (r. 522-486 B.C.E.) following the upheavals after Cyrus's death; completed the establishment of the Persian Empire.	5
5706953906	Gupta Empire	An empire of India (320-550 C.E.).	6
5706953907	Han dynasty	Dynasty that ruled China from 206 B.C.E. to 220 C.E.	7
5706953908	Hellenistic era	The period from 323 to 30 B.C.E. in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia in the kingdoms ruled by Alexander's political successors.	8
5706953912	Mandate of Heaven	the belief that a ruler held authority by command of divine force as long as he ruled morally and benevolently.	9
5706953914	Mauryan Empire	A major empire (322-185 B.C.E.) that encompassed most of India.	10
5706953916	Patricians	Wealthy, privileged Romans	11
5706953917	Pax Romana	Roman Peace	12
5706953918	Peloponnesian War	War between Athens and Sparta	13
5706953919	Persepolis	The capital and greatest palace-city of the Persian Empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great.	14
5706953921	Plebians	Poorer, less privileged Romans	15
5706953922	Punic Wars	Three major wars between Rome and Carthage	16
5706953923	Qin Dynasty	A short-lived (221-206 B.C.E.) but highly influential Chinese dynasty	17
5706953924	Qin Shihuangdi	forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state.	18
5706953926	Han Wudi	began the Chinese civil service system by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats.	19
5706953928	Yellow Turban Rebellion	A major Chinese peasant revolt that began in 184 C.E. and helped cause the fall of the Han dynasty.	20
5706953930	Aristotle	student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.	21
5706953933	Bhagavad Gita	A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation.	22
5706953934	bhakti movement	An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity.	23
5706953935	Brahman	The "World Soul" or final reality in upanishadic Hindu belief.	24
5706953936	Brahmins	The priestly caste of India.	25
5706953937	Buddhism	The cultural/religious tradition first enunciated by Siddhartha Gautama	26
5706953938	Confucianism	The Chinese philosophy that advocated the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order.	27
5706953939	Confucius	The founder of Confucianism (551-479 B.C.E.)	28
5706953940	Constantine	Roman emperor (r. 306-337 C.E.) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe.	29
5706953941	Dao	translated as The Way	30
5706953942	Daoism	founded by Laozi.	31
5706953943	Filial piety	The honoring of one's ancestors and parents, a key element of Confucianism.	32
5706953945	Hinduism	A word derived from outsiders to describe the vast diversity of indigenous Indian religious traditions.	33
5706953948	Jesus of Nazareth	The prophet/god of Christianity	34
5706953952	Legalism	A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments.	35
5706953954	Moksha	In Hindu belief, liberation from separate existence and union with Brahman.	36
5706953955	Nirvana	The end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity and great compassion.	37
5706953956	Plato	Student of Socrates	38
5706953959	Siddhartha Gautama	The Indian prince who founded Buddhism.	39
5706953960	Socrates	The first great Greek philosopher	40
5706953963	Upanishads	Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E.	41
5706953964	Vedas	The earliest religious texts of India	42
5706953965	Warring States Period	Period in China from 403 to 221 B.C.E. that was typified by disorder and political chaos.	43
5706953968	Zoroastrianism	Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra.	44
5706953971	helots	The dependent, semi-enslaved class of ancient Sparta whose social discontent prompted the militarization of Spartan society.	45
5706953972	karma	In Indian belief, the force generated by one's behavior in a previous life that decides the level at which an individual will be reborn.	46
5706953974	latifundia	Huge estates operated by slave labor that flourished in parts of the Roman Empire	47
5706953980	Untouchables	An Indian social class that emerged below the Sudras and whose members performed the most unclean and polluting work.	48
5706953990	Chavin	Andean town that was the center of a large Peruvian religious movement from around 900 to 200 B.C.E.	49
5706953994	Maya	The major classical civilization of Mesoamerica; flourished from 250 to 900 C.E.	50