AP World History/Chemistry Vocab Flashcards

4649147447	Mandate	an official order or commission to do something.	0
4649147448	Constitution	a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.	1
4649148149	Feudalism	the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.	2
4649148150	Centralized	concentrate (control of an activity or organization) under a single authority.	3
4649148592	Decentralized	transfer (authority) from central to local government.	4
4649148593	Tyranny	cruel and oppressive government or rule.	5
4649149320	Autocracy	a system of government by one person with absolute power.	6
4649149321	Periphery	the outer limits or edge of an area or object.	7
4649149730	City-State	a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.	8
4649149731	Revolution	a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.	9
4649150194	Post	"behind," "after," "later," "subsequent to," "posterior to,"	10
4649150195	Pre	"before" ( preclude; prevent); applied freely as a prefix, with the meanings "prior to," "in advance of," "early," "beforehand," "before," "in front of,"	11
4649150700	Civilization	the stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.	12
4649151175	Plethora	a large or excessive amount of (something).	13
4649152476	Irrigation	the watering of land to make it ready for agriculture.	14
4649152477	Ethnocentrism	evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.	15
4649152834	Xenophobia	intense or irrational dislike or fear of people from other countries.	16
4649152835	Nativism	the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.	17
4649153201	Foraging	(of a person or animal) search widely for food or provisions.	18
4649153202	Matrilineal	of or based on kinship with the mother or the female line.	19
4649155295	Patriarchal	of, relating to, or characteristic of a patriarch.	20
4649155296	Cultural Diffusion	the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another. The mixing of world cultures through different ethnicities, religions and nationalities has increased with advanced communication, transportation and technology.	21
4649155878	Metallurgy	the branch of science and technology concerned with the properties of metals and their production and purification.	22
4649155879	Pictograph	a pictorial symbol for a word or phrase. Pictographs were used as the earliest known form of writing, examples having been discovered in Egypt and Mesopotamia from before 3000 BC.	23
4649156363	Tribute	an act, statement, or gift that is intended to show gratitude, respect, or admiration.	24
4649156364	Oligarchy	a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.	25
4649156942	Aristocracy	the highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices.	26
4649156943	Monarchy	a form of government with a monarch at the head. Monarch-may exercise the highest authority and power in the state, or others may wield that power on behalf of the monarch.	27
4649157350	Democracy	a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.	28
4649157351	Republicanism	an ideology of being a citizen in a state as a republic (rather than as a monarchy or dictatorship) under which the people hold popular sovereignty.	29
4649158574	Theocracy	a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.	30
4649158575	Migration	movement from one part of something to another.	31
4649159076	Immigration	the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.	32
4649160589	Diaspora	Jews living outside Israel. (peebles in china lol)	33
4649160590	Heresies	belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious (especially Christian) doctrine.	34
4649161579	Peasant	a poor farmer of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation (chiefly in historical use or with reference to subsistence farming in poorer countries).	35
4649161580	Primogeniture	the state of being the firstborn child.	36
4649162062	Calligraphy	decorative handwriting or handwritten lettering.	37
4649162063	Fief	an estate of land, especially one held on condition of feudal service.	38
4649162331	Bureaucracy	a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.	39
4649162332	Scholar	a specialist in a particular branch of study, especially the humanities; a distinguished academic.	40
4649162850	Counter	speak or act in opposition to.	41
4649163544	Charter	a written grant by a country's legislative or sovereign power, by which an institution such as a company, college, or city is created and its rights and privileges defined.	42
4649163975	Ideology	a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.	43
4649163976	Interactions	reciprocal action or influence.	44
4649164419	Demography	the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.	45
4649164778	Absolutism	the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.	46
4649164779	Secular	denoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis.	47
4649165131	Textile	a type of cloth or woven fabric.	48
4649165650	Stratification	a system or formation of layers, classes, or categories.	49
4649165651	Yeoman	a man holding and cultivating a small landed estate; a freeholder.	50
4649166500	Predestination	(as a doctrine in Christian theology) the divine foreordaining of all that will happen, especially with regard to the salvation of some and not others. It has been particularly associated with the teachings of St. Augustine of Hippo and of Calvin.	51
4649166501	Covenant	an agreement.	52
4649166931	Natura/Inalienable Rights	are those that are not dependent on the laws, customs, or beliefs of any particular culture or government, and therefore universal and inalienable (i.e., rights that cannot be repealed or restrained by human laws).	53
4649166932	Continent	any of the world's main continuous expanses of land.	54
4649167524	Region	an area or division, especially part of a country or the world having definable characteristics but not always fixed boundaries.	55
4649167525	State	the particular condition that someone or something is in at a specific time.	56
4649168030	Privateer	an armed ship owned and officered by private individuals holding a government commission and authorized for use in war, especially in the capture of enemy merchant shipping.	57
4649168392	Popular Sovereignty	the sovereignty of the people's rule is the principle that the authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives (Rule by the People), who are the source of all political power.	58
4649168393	Mobocracy	rule or domination by the masses.	59
4649168832	Egalitarian	of, relating to, or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.	60
4649168833	Monogamy	the practice or state of being married to one person at a time.	61
4649169970	Polygamy	the practice or custom of having more than one wife or husband at the same time.	62
4649169971	Syncretism	the amalgamation or attempted amalgamation of different religions, cultures, or schools of thought.	63
4649170214	Sericulture	the production of silk and the rearing of silkworms for this purpose.	64