AP World History Ch.25 Flashcards

3455443699	British East India Company	a joint-stock company granted a royal charter by Elizabeth I in 1600 for the purpose of controlling trade in India	0
3455443700	Sepoy Mutiny	(1857-1858) a rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India	1
3455445747	Raj	the British rule of India from 1757 until 1947	2
3455445748	Indian National Congress	a major political party in India; founded in 1885 to press for greater rights for Indians under British rule, it later became one of the main forces calling for Indian independence	3
3455449975	Muslim League	political group founded in 1906 to protect the rights of Indian Muslims; it later became one of the main forces calling for India independence and a separate nation for Indian Muslims	4
3455449976	unequal treaties	trade treaties that China signed under pressure of invasion; gave Western powers trade benefits	5
3455456419	extraterritoriality	the right of citizens to be tried in the courts of their native country rather than in the courts of the country that they are living in	6
3455458825	Taiping Rebellion	(1850-1864) revolt against the Qing dynasty in China led by Hong Xiuquan, a convert to Christianity; over 20 million Chinese died; eventually suppressed with British and French aid	7
3455458826	Boxer Rebellion	(1900) a siege of a foreign settlement in Beijing by Chinese nationalist who were angry at foreign involvement in China	8
3455462741	Sun Yixian	Chinese statesman and revolutionary leader; he believed that China should be a democracy but that it first needed to replace the Qing dynasty with a ruling nationalist party. He founded the Revolutionary Alliance in 1905	9
3455465523	Treaty of Kanagawa	(1854) trade treaty between Japan and the United States opening up two Japanese ports to US trade; signed in response to a show of force by US admiral Matthew Perry	10
3455465548	Emperor Meiji	Emperor of Japan from 1867 to 1912; he restored imperial rule to Japan and, with the help of samurais, pushed for many reforms in Japan	11
3455473928	Sino-Japanese War	(1894) war fought between China and Japan for influence over Korea; Japan's victory symbolized its successful moderinazation	12
3455473929	Social Darwinism	an application of Charles Darwin's scientific theories of natural selection and the survival of the fittest to the struggle between nations and races; used in the late 1800s to justify imperialism and racism	13
3455478413	Cecil Rhodes	British imperialist and business magnate; he was one of the foremost advocates of expanding the British Empire and was a strong believer in the superiority of the "Anglo-Saxon" race	14
3455478414	Suez Canal	Egyptian waterway connecting the Mediterranean and Red seas; built in 1869 by Franco-Egyptian company; in 1875 Britain bought Egypt's share in the canal	15
3455480239	Berlin Conference	(1884-1885) a meeting at which representatives from European nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization of Africa	16
3455480240	Leopold II	King of Belgium from 1865 to 1909; he financed an expedition to the Congo and assumed the title of sovereign of the Congo Free State. His armies treated the Congolese brutally and exploited them as workers.	17
3455482869	Shaka	Founder of the Zulu Empire; he reorganized the army and introduced new fighting tactics. He subdued neighboring peoples, consolidating an empire and encompassed most of southern Africa.	18
3455485925	Menelik II	Emperor of Ethiopia after 1889; he gained Ethiopian independence from Italy in 1896	19
3455488739	Antonio López de Santa Anna	Mexican general, president, and dictator; he fought in the Texas Revolution and seized the Alamo but was defeated and captured by Sam Houston at San Jacinto	20
3455497054	Porfirio Díaz	Mexican general and politician; president and dictator of Mexico for 30 years, he sought foreign investment but ruled harshly	21
3455502212	Emiliano Zapata	Mexican revolutionary; he led the revolt against Porfirio Díaz in the south of Mexico during the Mexican Revolution	22
3455504431	Venustiano Carranza	Mexican revolutionist and politician; he led forces against Vitoriano Huerta during the Mexican Revolution	23
3455504432	José Martí	Cuban writer and independence fighter; he was killed in battle but became a symbol of Cuba's fight for freedom	24
3455513436	Spanish-American War	(1898) war fought between Spain and the United States that began after the sinking of the battleship USS Maine; the United States won the war in four months, gaining control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines	25
3455515563	Emilio Aguinaldo	Self-proclaimed president of the new Philippine Republic in 1899; he fought for Filipino independence from the United States	26
3455528988	Roosevelt Corollary	(1904) a policy proposed by US president Theodore Roosevelt as an addition, or corollary, to the Monroe Doctrine; it pledged to use US military force to prevent European interference in the internal affairs of Latin American nations while reserving for the United States the right to intervene	27