AP World History Flashcards

4814013052	Paleolithic Age	The Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 B.C.E.; typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence.	0
4814013053	Homo sapiens	The humanoid species that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period.	1
4814013054	Neolithic Age	The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished.	2
4814013055	Neolithic Revolution	The succession of technological innovations and changes in human organisation that led to the development of agriculture, 8500-3500 B.C.E.	3
4814013056	Hunting and Gathering	The original human economy, ultimately eclipsed by agriculture; groups hunt for meat and forage for grains, nuts, and berries.	4
4814013057	Bronze Age	From about 4000 B.C.E., when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, yo about 1500 B.C.E, when iron began to replace it.	5
4814013058	Slash and Burn Agriculture	A system of cultivation typical of shifting cultivators; forest floors cleared by fire are then planted.	6
4814013059	Band	A level of social organization normally consisting of 20 to 30 people; nomadic hunters and gatherers; labor divided on a gender basis.	7
4814013060	Catal Huyuk	Early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; was larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification.	8
4814013061	Civilization	Societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of non-farming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups.	9
4814013062	Cuneifrom	A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets.	10
4814013063	Nomads	Cattle and sheep herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies.	11
4814013064	Mesopotamia	Literally meaning between two rivers; the civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys	12
4814013065	Sumerians	People who migrated into Mesopotamia c. 4000 B.C.E.; created first civilization within region; organised area into city-states.	13
4814013066	Ziggurats	Massive towers usually associates with Mesopotamian temple complexes.	14
4814013067	City-States	A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agriculture hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king.	15
4814013068	Babylonian Empire	Unified all of Mesopotamia c. 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion c. 1600 B.C.E.	16
4814013069	Hammurabi	The most important ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for the codification of law.	17
4814013070	Pharaoh	Title of kings of ancient Egypt.	18
4814013071	Pyramids	Monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs.	19
4814013072	Kush	An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and rules it for several centuries.	20
4814013073	Indus River Valley	River sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization.	21
4814013074	Harappa	Along with Mohenjodaro, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern	22
4814013075	Mohenjo Daro	Along with Harappa, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grip pattern.	23
4814013076	Yellow River	Also known as the Huanghe; site of development of sedentary agriculture in China.	24
4814013077	Shang	First Chinese dynasty for which archaeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huanghe; flourished 1600 to 1064 B.C.E.	25
4814013078	Oracles	Shamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpretations of animals bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on the bones led to Chinese writing.	26
4814013079	Ideographs	Pictograph characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing.	27
4814013080	Phoenicians	Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean.	28
4814013081	Monotheism	The exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into Western civilization.	29