AP World History Terms Flashcards

2434084990	Afrikaners	South Africans who were descended from the Dutch who settled in South Africa in the 17th century	0
2434084991	age grade	age group into which children were placed in Bantu societies of early sub-Saharan Africa	1
2434084992	Alliance for Progress	program of economic aid for Latin America in exchange for a pledge to establish democratic institutions (part of President Kennedy's international program)	2
2434084993	Anschluss	German annexation of Austria prior to WWII	3
2434084994	apartheid	South African policy of separation of the races	4
2434084995	astrolabe	navigational instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the position of the stars	5
2434084996	Austronesian	branch of languages originating in Oceania	6
2434084997	ayatollah	traditional Muslim religious ruler	7
2434084998	ayllus	clan or community that worked together on projects required by the ruler in Incan society	8
2434084999	bakufu	military government established in Japan after the Gempei Wars -emperor became figurehead and real power in military	9
2434085000	bodhisattvas	Buddhist holy men who accumulated spiritual merits during their lifetimes (Buddhists prayed to them to receive some of their holiness)	10
2434085001	Boers	South Africans of Dutch descent	11
2434085002	brinkmanship	Cold War policy of the Soviet Union and the United States of threatening to go to war at a sign of aggression on the part of either power	12
2434085003	British Commonwealth	political community consisting of the United Kingdom, it's dependencies, and former colonies of Great Britain that are now sovereign nations	13
2434085004	calpulli	Aztec clans that supplied labor and warriors to leaders	14
2434085005	chinampas	platforms of twisted vines and mud that served the Aztecs as floating gardens and extended their agricultural land	15
2434085006	Code Napleon	collection of laws that standardized French law under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte	16
2434085007	conscription	military draft	17
2434085008	Cossacks	Russians who conquered and settled Siberia in the 16th and 17th centuries	18
2434085009	cubism	a school of art in which persons and objects are represented by geometric forms	19
2434085010	Dar al-Islam	the House of Islam representing the political and religious unity of the various Islamic groups	20
2434085011	devshirme	practice of the Ottoman Empire to take Christian boys from their home communities to serve as Janissaries	21
2434085012	diaspora	exile of an ethnic or racial group from their homeland	22
2434085013	Duma	Russian parliament	23
2434085014	economic imperialism	control of a country's economy by the business of another nation	24
2434085015	economic liberalism	economic philosophy that government intervention in and regulation of the economy should be minimal	25
2434085016	empirical research	research based on the collection of data	26
2434085017	Estates-General	traditional legislative body of France	27
2434085018	extraterritoriality	the right of foreigners to live under the laws of their home country rather than those of the host country	28
2434085019	factor	an agent with trade privileges in early Russia	29
2434085020	Geneva Conference	1954 conference that divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel	30
2434085021	geocentric theory	belief held by many before the Scientific Revolution that the earth is the center of the universe	31
2434085022	glasnost	1985 policy of Mikhail Gorbachev that allowed openness of expression of ideas in the Soviet Union	32
2434085023	Gran Columbia	temporary union of the northern portion of South America after the independence movements led by Simon Bolivar	33
2434085024	Great Leap Forward	disastrous economic policy introduced by Mao Zedong that proposed the implementation of small-scale industrial projects on individual peasant communes	34
2434085025	guano	bird droppings used as fertilizer (major trade item of Peru in the late 19th century)	35
2434085026	heliocentric theory	the concept that the sun is the center of the universe	36
2434085027	Helsinki Accords	1975 political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland by Western European countries and the Soviet Union	37
2434085028	import substitution industrialization	economic system that attempts to strengthen a country's industrial power by restricting foreign imports	38
2434085029	investiture	authority claimed by monarchs to appoint church officials	39
2434085030	Jacobins	extreme radicals during the French Revolution	40
2434085031	Kabuki theater	form of Japanese theater developed in the 17th century that features colorful scenery and costumes and an exaggerated style of acting	41
2434085032	kowtow	ritualistic bow practiced in the Chinese court	42
2434085033	laissez-faire economics	economic concept that holds that the government should not interfere with or regulate business and industries	43
2434085034	latifundia	large landholdings in the Roman Empire	44
2434085035	Limited Liability corporation (LLC)	business organization in which the owners have limited personal legal responsibility for debts and actions of the business	45
2434085036	Mamluks	Turkic military slaves who formed part of the army of the Abbasid Caliphate in the 9th and 10th centuries, they founded their own state in Egypt and Syria from the 13th to the early 16th centuries	46
2434085037	Maori	member of the Polynesian group that settled in New Zealand about 800 CE	47
2434085038	Meiji Restoration	restoration of the Meiji emperor in Japan in 1868 that began a program of industrialization and centralization of Japan following the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate	48
2434085039	minaret	tower attached to a mosque from which Muslims are called to worship	49
2434085040	mita	labor system used by Andean societies in which community members shared work owed to rulers and the religious community	50
2434085041	No theater	Classical Japanese drama with music and dances performed on a simple stage by elaborately dressed actors	51
2434085042	Pan-Slavic movement	Russian attempt to unite all Slavic nations into a commonwealth relationship under the influence of Russia	52
2434085043	peninsulares	in the Spanish colonies, those who were born in Europe	53
2434085044	perestroika	restructuring of the Soviet economy top allow some local decision making	54
2434085045	pogrom	violence against Jews in tsarist Russia	55
2434085046	Prague Spring	1968 program of reform to soften socialism in Czechoslovakia resulting in the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia	56
2434085047	proletariat	(Marxist theory) class of workers in an industrial society	57
2434085048	purdah	Hindu custom of seclusion women	58
2434085049	quipus	system of knotted cords of different sizes and colors used by the Incas for keeping records	59
2434085050	Red Guard	militia of young Chinese people organized to carry out Mao Zedong's cultural revolution	60
2434085051	reparations	payment of war debts by the losing side	61
2434085052	repartamiento	a replacement for the encomienda system that limited the number of working hours for laborers and provided for fair wages in Spanish colonies	62
2434085053	Sandinistas	left-wing group that overthrew the dictatorship of Nicaraguan Anastacio Somoza in 1979	63
2434085054	sati	widow throwing herself on the burning pyre of her husband in Hindu custom	64
2434085055	shamanism	belief in powerful natural spirits that are influenced by shamans or priests	65
2434085056	shariah	body of law that governs Muslim society	66
2434085057	social contract	Enlightenment concept of the agreement made by people living in a state of nature to give up some of their rights in order for governments to be established	67
2434085058	Solidarity	Polish trade union that began the nation's protests against Communist rule	68
2434085059	steppe	dry grassland	69
2434085060	Sufis	Muslims who attempt to reach Allah through mysticism	70
2434085061	Sunni	branch of Islam that believes that the Muslim community should select its leaders	71
2434085062	umma	community of all Muslim believers	72
2434085063	xenophobia	fear of foreigners	73
2434085064	Yahweh	Jehovah, the god of the Jews	74
2434085065	zaibatsu	large industrial organization created in Japan during the industrialization of the late 19th century	75