AP World History Flashcards

2407326868	Paleolithic Era	migration gathering/hunting small trade egalitarian political system	0
2407328785	neolithic era	nomads raided settlers for food lack of central authority agriculture/animal domestication	1
2407332899	Mesopotamia	decentralized city-states in middle east polytheistic religion stopping point for traders	2
2407338718	Ancient Egypt	Nile River centralized gvt ruled by pharaohs mathematics and alphabet	3
2407340804	Indus River Valley Civilization	centralized urbanization trade/agriculture priests on top	4
2407342567	Shang Dynasty	geographic isolation centralized elite warrior class aristocratic bureaucracy proto-feudalism	5
2407348741	Persian Empire	egypt to india absolute monarchy effective administrative systems respect for other cultures encouragement of communication and commerce immense wealth and imperial cities	6
2407352458	Greeks	hellenistic civilization geography of mountains and valleys: decentralized equality of all citizens; would spread to lower class Athens: most powerful city, open political life, direct representation	7
2407356520	Greco-Persian War	Persians attacked Ionia; revolt supported by Athens Persians led expeditions against greeks greeks astonishingly defeated persians	8
2407359591	Peloponnesian War	Sparta led resistance to Athenian imperialism Athens defeated; distrust northern greece takeover	9
2407361399	Alexander the Great	political unification of greece alexander v. persia; massive greek empire once he died, area was divided into three generals	10
2407363239	Hellenistic Era	cultural diffusion of greek life cities became culturally diverse	11
2407365284	Roman Empire	small, unimportant city-states of Italy overthrew monarchy and established republic ruled by 2 consuls with help of senate conquest of rest of world generous treatment of conquered people political crisis: rise of military leaders, decline of republic christianity in rome	12
2407369290	Qin dynasty	legalism- clear rules/harsh penalty brutal creation of empire	13
2407373930	reasons for decline of Qin and Roman	excessive size technologically inept decline of urban life population decline reduction of international trade	14
2407375752	Mauryan Empire	stimulated by persian and greek influence large military/civilian bureaucracy conversion to buddhism and peaceful rule broke up after Ashoka's death	15
2407377721	Gupta Empire	cultural diversity and invasion indian trade flourished hinduism and buddhism spread	16
2407379306	China and the Search of Order	mandate of heaven "age of warring states"- feudalism	17
2418725609	legalism	strict rules, harsh punishment pessimistic view of human nature	18
2418727710	confucianism	moral example of superiors education filial piety nonreligious	19
2418734550	Daoism	opposite of confucianism education and improvement was useless must become one with nature	20
2418738037	Buddhism	life is suffering goal is to find "nirvana" karma/reincarnation	21
2418757363	Zoroastrianism	single deity judgement day individual must choose good/evil decline due to Islam	22
2418766714	Classical Greek Culture	polytheistic religions new way of answering questions understanding of human nature rational	23
2418781014	Society in Classical China	social prestige and power of elites civil service exams Landlord and peasant classes merchants disliked by elites	24
2418788208	Indian Caste System	based on economic and social differences four groups formed by the god Jatis based on occupation restricted to certain jatis made empire building difficult powerful become more powerful	25
2418803479	Chinese patriarchy	patriarchal confucianism Han- change; nomads led to less restriction women eventually gained status popularity of daoism	26
2418812101	Greek Patriarchy	ATHENS: increasing limitations excluded from public life SPARTA: women had greater freedom, as men were always fighting	27
2429005533	Silk Roads	silk symbolized eurasian exchange system economic and social importance buddhism spread and transformed disease spread	28
2429014816	Sea Roads	indian ocean India as trading apex economic and political revival of china spread of islam developed africa and SE asia	29
2429021150	Sand Roads	gold, salt, and slaves the camel sahara quickly became major trade route social complexity and hierarchy Slavery	30
2429028649	American trade	commerce trade was critical to upholding social and political hierarchies	31
2429032849	Sui Dynasty	reunified China ruthlessness overthrown, state remained	32
2429036756	Tang/Song Dynasties	neo-confucianism examination system economic revolution under Song tightening of patriarchal restrictions contact with nomads to the north Tribute System: thought themselves above rest visitors must respect chinese authority; would receive trading benefits	33
2429049713	Korea	resisted chinese political control political independence acceptance of chinese culture	34
2429051762	Vietnam	adopted chinese gvt distinct vietnamese culture	35
2429053730	Japan	borrowing of chinese culture bureaucratic state elements of chinese culture selective borrowing decentralized politics	36
2429059667	China and Buddhism	entered China through silk roads nomads favored buddhism supported by sui and early tang eventually evoked criticism because "foreign"	37
2429114422	Islam	Muhammad revelations from allah into Quran 5 pillars of islam attractive following didn't separate church and state wanted to capture trade routes and bring righteous government to the conquered conversion to islam seen as social, provided incentives Sunni- voted v. Shia- blood related	38
2429126366	Umayyad Dynasty	great time of expansion overthrown by abbasids	39
2429131554	Islam/Arab Culture	india- spread through invaders, violence with Hindus and Buddhists Anatolia- major destruction, active discrimination of christians West Africa- came peacefully through trade Spain- interaction amongst muslims and christians, converted to islam, loss of religious toleration	40
2435437242	Spread of Christianity	asia- not much spreading africa- on decline from expanding islam	41
2435451374	Byzantium	centralized focus was to collect taxes, maintain order, and suppress revolts shrunk because of western europe, crusades, and turkic muslim invaders state was tied to church economic trading apex ended when ottoman took over Constantinople	42
2435461700	Western Society	series of regional kingdoms/ feudalism church became wealthy population growth and new villages long distance trade sophisticated politically royal courts and bureaucracies established	43
2435470134	Crusades	series of holy wars to take back jerusalem	44
2435474874	Mongols	mastery of horseback riding Genghis khan- gain allies and became great leader well led and organized army brutality and destruction china- hardest conquest, began in north, took south during song, unified china, discriminated chinese, eventually rebelled out Persia- ended abbasid, cultural transformation of mongols (bureaucracy) Russia- devastation of russia, decentralization against mongols, integrated into mongol empire, but not inhabited by them	45
2435497474	Ming Dynasty	badly disrupted by mongol rule confucian learning and civil service exams highly centralized best governed and prosperous maritime voyages	46
2435502556	Ottoman Empire	huge territory led by caliphs goal was to unify islam Sufi	47
2435507107	Songhay	west africa islam reserved for elites	48
2435509598	mughal	turkic invasion of india partnership with hindus and muslims	49
2435512022	Aztec	nomadic group loosely structured	50
2435514772	Inca	bureaucratic and centralized attempted cultural integration equal in almost all areas	51
2435519894	European and Asian Commerce	international trade centers and capitalist economies indian ocean commerce portugal had main control, challenged by spanish East India Companies: organized private companies run by the government Dutch- controlled shipping and production for certain goods; destroyed economy of small islands english- not as sophisticated and financed, peaceful establishment of trade bases Japan- divided into feudal lords, eventually unified and persecuted outsiders	52
2435573223	Silver and Global Commerce	china's economy had growing demand for silver enriched spanish monarchy, inflation, went into decline after the price of silver dropped japan- used silver revenue to unify and defeat rivals china- silver commercialized economy	53
2435602935	Fur in Global Commerce	North American fur trade- europeans traded with natives, profitable for natives, beam dependent on european goods russian fur trade- chief incentive for expansion, dependence on russian goods, no competition, forced natives to give them fur	54
2435613191	Atlantic Slave Trade	most human societies had slaves africans became primary source of slave labor destabilization of African societies	55
2439092606	Globalization of christianity	eastern orthodox v. roman catholicism Protestant Reformation- martin luther asked for ecclesiastical debate, more deeply grounded in theological difference, provoked massive schism in catholic christendom, religious difference politically dignified europe, attractive to women, provoked catholic counter-reformation, corrected their abuses christianity motivated and benefitted from expansion china- reached china in ming and Qing dynasties, not a big influence	56
2439100881	Chinese Culture	confucian and hindu cultures didn't spread considerable amount of debate and new thinking	57
2439102128	Indian Culture	Hindu/Muslim Divide mixed religions	58
2439102880	Birth of Modern Science	scientific revolution- intellectual and cultural transformation altered ideas about place in humankind, challenged church, challenged hierarchies and political systems europe had private schools attacked established religion, believed knowledge could transform human society	59
2439107925	French Revolution	middle class v. upper class middle class attempted to modernize tax system, opposed by upper class drew up a declaration, pronounced social conflicts enlightenment ideals violent/radical: the terror effort to create a wholly new society influence of revolution spread through conquest	60
2439111398	Haitian Revolution	massive slave revolt identified themselves with native inhabitants equality for all races insolence among other slaves, horror among whites	61
2439113082	Spanish American Revolutions	creoles offended by efforts of spanish monarchy to control them torn by class, race, and regional divisions fear of social rebellion from lower classes impossible to unite spanish colonies	62