Cell Resperation Flashcards

5391392922	exergonic reactions produce	fuel	0
5391392923	fermentation	partial breakdown of sugars or other organic materials that occurs without the use of oxygen	1
5391399129	breakdown of glucose is	exergonic	2
5391401832	equation for cellular respiration	C6H12O6 + 6O2 yields 6CO2+ 6H2O + ATP	3
5391410668	Oxidation	loss of electrons	4
5391412738	reduction	gain of electrons	5
5391414373	reducing agents	donates electrons	6
5391416314	oxidizing agents	accept electrons	7
5391424213	oxygen is one of the most potent oxidizing agents bc its very	electronegative	8
5391428441	oxidation of glucose transfers electrons to a	lower energy state	9
5391430318	NAD+	electron carrier	10
5391432428	Dehydrogenase	enzyme that removes a pair of hydrogen atoms from a substrate	11
5391437930	electron transport chain	consists of a number of molecules built into the inner membrane of the mitochondria	12
5391444392	electrons that are removed by glucose are shuttled by	NADH	13
5391454819	3 metabolic stages of cellular respiration	glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain	14
5391461734	Glycolysis occurs in	cytosol/cytoplasm	15
5391466406	Glycolysis breaks glucose into	pyruvate	16
5391471625	Pyruvate travels to the mitochondria where it is oxidized by what and then enters the krebs cycle	acetyl CoA	17
5391479853	Krebs cycle breaks glucose into	CO2	18
5391486529	ETC accepts ____ from the breakdown of products of the first two stages	electrons	19
5391497148	at the end of the ETC what is formed	water	20
5391502736	energy produced by ETC is stored in	mitochondria	21
5391506187	ADP is converted to ATP by	oxidative phosphorylation	22
5391514767	where does oxidative phosphorylation take place in eukaryotes	mitochondria	23
5391520666	what accounts for nearly 90% of the ATP generated	oxidative phosphorylation	24
5391545031	2 phases of glycolysis are	energy investment and energy pay off phase	25
5391557140	net yield of glycolysis	2 ATP and 2 NADH	26
5391559321	No carbon is released during	glycolysis	27
5391573667	CAC breaks pyruvate down into	3 CO2 molecules	28
5391576800	CAC produces	1 ATP per turn	29
5391583184	what carries electrons to ETC	NADH and FADH	30
5391597001	Most components of the ETC are	protiens ( 1-4)	31
5391611444	What binds to the protiens in ETC	prosthetic group	32
5391619334	Electrons acquired by first two stages are transferred to a	flavoprotein	33
5391636025	cytochromes	remaining electron carriers between ubiquinone and oxygen	34
5391644976	Cyt a3	last cytochrome in the chain and passes as electrons to oxygen which picks up a pair of hydrogen to form water	35
5391662932	ETC makes no	ATP directly	36
5391672762	ATP synthase	enzyme that turns ADP to ATP in inner membrane of mitochondria	37
5391681575	chemiosmosis	the process in which energy stored in form of hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane is used to drive cellular work	38
5391775417	proton motive force	the potential energy stored in form of a proton electrochemical gradient, generated by pumping of H ions across a membrane during chemiosmosis	39
5391803923	energy flows	glucose>NADH>ETC>proton motive force>ATP	40
5391886371	NADH that transfers pair of electrons from glucose to ETC generates	3 ATP	41
5391914514	oxidative phosphorylation yields	28 ATP	42
5391918012	Substrate level phosphorylation yields	4 net ATP	43
5391982763	Alcohol fermentation	pyruvate to ethanol in 2 steps	44
5391988878	Lactic Acid fermentation	pyruvate reduced directly by NADH to form lactate, with no release of CO2	45
5392036599	obligate anaerobes	carry out only fermentation or anaerobic respiration	46
5392043447	facultative anaerobes	can make enough ATP to survive using either fermentation or anaerobic respiration	47