AP World History People Flashcards

3601134997	Hammurabi ruled over	Babylon from 1792-1750 B.C.E.	0
3607085250	Hammurabi developed	The earliest written law code	1
3607086626	Hammurabi's law code established	Rules of procedure for courts of law, regulated property rights, the duties of family members, and criminal punishment	2
3601699054	P'an Ku was	The mythic ancestor of the Chinese	3
3601720662	Shangdi was	The supreme being of Shang religion	4
3601134998	Shi Huangdi founded the	Qin dynasty	5
3607090785	Shi Huangdi was a	A warrior, strongman, and a tyrant	6
3638331670	Shi Huangdi promised	An end to the centuries of civil strife following the fall of the Zhou dynasty	7
3638560098	Shi Huangdi ordered nobles to	Leave their regions and appear at his court	8
3638562090	Shi Huandi took control over	The feudal states of the aristocrats	9
3638584697	Shi Huangdi extended Chinese territory and political control	South to Hong Kong on the South China Sea and northern Vietnam	10
3638571053	Shi Huangdi chose his officials from	Non-aristocratic groups	11
3638576708	Shi Huangdi chose his officials from non-aristocratic groups so	They would owe their power to him and would not dare develop their own independent bases	12
3638620058	Shi Huangdi was unpopular because of	His attacks on intellectuals and the high taxes needed for military expansion and the construction of the Great Wall	13
3638618110	Shi Huangdi felt thinking among his people was	Likely to be subversive to his autocratic rule	14
3638586440	Shi Huangdi built	The Great Wall in the north	15
3638599796	Shi Huangdi ordered a	National consensus, which provided data for the calculation of tax revenues and labor service	16
3638701708	Shi Huangdi provided a	Single law code for the whole empire	17
3638704440	Shi Huangdi established a uniform	Tax system	18
3638705129	Shi Huangdi appointed	Governors to each district of his domain, who exercised military and legal powers in the name of the emperor	19
3638359695	Shi Huangdi was succeeded by	His less capable son and his inner circle of advisors	20
3638538693	Confucius wrote	An elaborate statement on political ethics	21
3638639046	Wu Ti enforced	Peace throughout much of Asia	22
3638651909	Wu Ti urged support for	Confucianism	23
3638652599	Wu Ti established shrines to	Worship Confucius as a god	24
3638731368	Wu Ti first established	The civil service exam	25
3638740750	Wu Ti established	A school to train men of exceptional talent and ability for the national examinations	26
3638860946	Laozi furthered	Daoism	27
3638862033	Laozi stressed that	Nature contains a divine impulse that directs all life	28
3648206409	Indra was	The Indian God of thunder and strength	29
3640291841	Alexander the Great succeeded	Philip II	30
3640295027	Alexander the Great successfully conquered	Persia, Greece, and much of the Middle East	31
3640300593	Alexander the Great attempted to combine	Greek and Persian cultures	32
3640227977	Alexander the Great invaded	India	33
3640232281	Alexander the Great did not establish	A durable empire in India	34
3640235620	Alexander the Great made possible important	Indian contacts with Hellenistic culture	35
3654436519	Chandragupta Maurya seized power along	The Ganges River	36
3654437593	Chandragupta Maurya was the first	Of the Maurya dynasty, the first dynasty to unify the Indian subcontinent	37
3654462685	Chandragupta's style of government was	Highly autocratic, relying on the ruler's personal and military power	38
3654466926	Chandragupta was constantly surrounded by	Bodyguards	39
3654478127	Chandragupta Maurya developed the first	Centralized government since Harappa	40
3654440505	Ashoka was the grandson of	Chandragupta Maurya	41
3654441533	Ashoka first served as	Governor of two provinces	42
3654442188	Ashoka lived a	Lavish lifestyle	43
3654444171	Ashoka was strongly influenced religiously by	Buddhism and the intense spiritualism of the brahman religion	44
3654479829	Ashoka's style of government was	Bloodthirsty	45
3654481429	Ashoka later converted to	Buddhism	46
3654482443	Ashoka extended	Mauryan conquests	47
3654484120	Ashoka sponsored	Hindu shrines and an extensive road network dotted with wells and rest stops for travelers	48
3654486707	Ashoka sent Buddhist missionaries to	Hellenistic kingdoms in the Middle East and Sri Lanka	49
3654488963	The "new" Ashoka urged	Human behavior on the part of his officials	50
3654490264	Ashoka worked to improve	Trade and communication	51
3654508715	Kanishka ruled over	The Kushans	52
3654508716	Kanishka invaded	India	53
3654509273	Kanishka converted to	Buddhism	54
3654548028	Kautilya was	The political advisor of Chandragupta Maurya	55
3662278428	Shiva was	The Hindu god of destruction and reproduction	56
3662278429	Vishnu was	The Hindu god of sacrifice	57
3662485882	Cyrus the Great established the empire of	Persia	58
3662488767	Cyrus the Great allowed some areas of the Persian Empire to	Preserve older traditions	59
3662493866	Darius succeeded	Cyrus the Great	60
3662494340	Darius worked hard to	Centralize laws and tax collection	61
3662505754	Zoroaster was the religious leader of	Zoroastrianism	62
3662506313	Zoroaster revised the polytheistic religious tradition of the Sumerians through the introduction of	Monotheism	63
3662506622	Zoroaster banned	Animal sacrifice and the use of intoxicants	64
3662507047	Zoroaster introduced the idea of	Individual salvation through the free choice of God over the spirit of evil	65
3662508152	Zoroaster and his followers saw life as	A battle between good and evil	66
3662532503	Pericles dominated	Athenian politics	67
3662532821	Pericles was	An aristocrat	68
3662533320	Pericles ruled through	Wise influence and negotiation rather than official position	69
3662534424	Pericles was part of a democratic structure in which	Each citizen could participate in city-state assemblies to select officials and pass laws	70
3662535522	Pericles helped restrain	Some of the more aggressive views of the Athenian democrats, who urged even further expansion of the empire to garner more wealth and build the economy	71
3662537133	Philip II of Macedon conquered	Rest of Greece	72
3662538835	The son of Philip II of Macedon extended the Macedonian Empire through	The Middle East, across Persia to the border of India, and southward through Egypt	73
3662539824	Hannibal was a	Brilliant Carthaginian general during the Second Punic War	74
3662540848	Hannibal successfully invaded	Italy, but failed to conquer Rome, where he was defeated	75
3662539476	Julius Caesar was a	Roman general	76
3662541446	Julius Caesar conquered	Gaul	77
3662541733	Julius Caesar overthrew	The Roman republic	78
3662542375	Julius Caesar was eventually	Assassinated by conservative senators	79
3662544562	Augustus Caesar was the grandnephew of	Julius Caesar	80
3662539666	Augustus Caesar defeated	Mark Antony and Cleopatra	81
3662543278	Augustus Caesar was the first	Emperor of Rome	82
3662540219	Diocletian ruled over	Rome	83
3662546737	Diocletian restored later empire by	Improved administration and tax collection	84
3669209851	Diocletian attempted to direct	Political loyalties to his own person	85
3662546330	Constantine ruled over	Rome	86
3662540678	Constantine established the second Roman capital at	Constantinople to regulate the eastern half of the empire	87
3662566407	Constantine adopted	Christianity	88
3662547315	Constantine attempted to use the religious force of	Christianity to unify empire spiritually	89
3662596496	Cicero was a	Roman writer, philosopher, and an active Senator	90
3662640312	Aristotle was a	Greek philosopher	91
3662640579	Aristotle taught	Alexander the Great	92
3662641459	Aristotle's knowledge was based on	Observation of phenomena in material world	93
3662646686	Aristotle stressed the importance of	Moderation and balance in human behavior as opposed to the instability of much political life and the excesses of the gods themselves	94
3662652735	Socrates was	An Athenian philosopher	95
3662653118	Socrates tutored	Plato	96
3662653313	Socrates urged	Rational reflection of moral decisions	97
3662655281	Socrates encouraged his students to	Question conventional wisdom	98
3662653789	Socrates was eventually	Condemned to death for corrupting the minds of Athenian youth	99
3662678159	Sophocles was a writer of	Greek tragedies	100
3662675576	Sophocles was the author of	Oedipus Rex	101
3668139574	Devi was	The mother goddess of Hinduism	102
3668146993	The idea of Devi spread widely after	The collapse of the Guptas	103
3668149495	Devi encouraged	A new popular emotionalism in religious ritual	104
3668178835	Allah was	The supreme god of strictly monotheistic Islam	105
3603144539	Ivan III (the Great) claimed succession from	The Rurik dynasty	106
3607119179	Ivan III (the Great) claimed	An earlier tradition of centralized rule dating back to the Rurik dynasty and Byzantine precedents	107
3607093622	Ivan III (the Great) organized a strong army and	Freed Russia from the Tatars by 1462	108
3607094390	Ivan III (the Great) married	The niece of the last Byzantine emperor	109
3607095592	Ivan III (the Great) was the first	Tsar	110
3607096276	Ivan III (the Great) asserted control over	All Orthodox churches, in Russia or not	111
3607123148	Ivan III (the Great) launched diplomatic missions to	The Western states	112
3607147026	During times of expansion both Ivan III and Ivan IV recruited	Cossacks motivated by the escape from serfdom	113
3603174616	Ivan IV (the Terrible) promoted	Tsarist autocracy	114
3607098172	Ivan IV (the Terrible) killed	His son and heir, as well as many boyars he believed to be conspiring against him	115
3607099888	Ivan IV (the Terrible) was successful in	Conquest	116
3607100366	Ivan IV (the Terrible) died without	An heir, leading to the Time of Troubles	117
3603192430	Michael Romanov reestablished	Internal power in Russia	118
3603195673	Alexis Romanov succeeded	Michael Romanov	119
3607101404	Alexis Romanov abolished	Assemblies of nobles	120
3607101736	Alexis Romanov exiled	Old Believers to Siberia or southern Russia	121
3607102764	Under Alexis Romanov, restrictions over serfs	tightened, with new laws binding peasants to the land and restricting their opportunities to travel	122
3607149457	The policies of Alexis Romanov resumed the	Orthodox tradition of state control over the church	123
3603203499	Peter I (the Great) was the son of	Alexis Romanov imitated Western military, economy, and culture	124
3607172265	Peter I (the Great) extended his predecessors' policies of	Building up tsarist control and expanding Russian territory	125
3607104365	Peter I (the Great) imitated	Western military, economy, and culture	126
3607126088	Peter I (the Great) traveled in the West to	Recruit Western allies for a crusade against Turkish power in Europe	127
3607153991	Peter I (the Great) recruited bureaucrats from	Outside aristocratic ranks and gave them noble titles to reward bureaucratic service	128
3607155905	Peter I (the Great) imitated Western military organization by	Creating a specially trained fighting force that put down local militias	129
3607159857	Peter I (the Great) set up a secret police to	Prevent dissent and supervise the bureaucracy	130
3607158739	Peter I (the Great) attacked	The Ottoman Empire and Sweden	131
3607159908	Peter I (the Great) gained territory in	Sweden, on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea	132
3607162918	After gaining territory in Sweden, Peter I moved the Russian capital from	Moscow to the Baltic city of St. Petersburg	133
3607165831	Peter I (the Great) brought talented non-nobles into the system by	Establishing training institutes for aspiring bureaucrats and officers	134
3607166011	Peter I (the Great) created the first Russian	Navy	135
3607167334	Under Peter I, taxes on Russian peasantry	Increased steadily	136
3607135357	Peter I (the Great) wanted economic development to support	Military strength rather than achieve wider commercial goals	137
3607143426	Peter I (the Great) focused economically on	Building up metallurgical and mining industries	138
3607141427	Peter I (the Great) used Russia's extensive iron holdings to	Feed state-run munitions and shipbuilding facilities	139
3607168898	Under Peter I (the Great), landlords were rewarded for	Using serf labor to staff new manufacturing operations	140
3607144924	Peter I (the Great) abolished the practice of	Passing a small whip from father to groom	141
3607174559	Peter I (the Great) supported women's rights primarily to	Make Russia culturally respectable in Western eyes	142
3607175691	Although Peter I (the Great) supported women in some aspects, he made no move to change	Gender relations among the masses of Russian peasants	143
3607140130	Peter I (the Great) cut the Russian elite off from its traditions by	Requiring men to shave their beards and wear Western clothes	144
3607137661	The westernization effort of Peter I was	Selective, as Peter I did not try to involve the ordinary people of Russia	145
3607164743	Peter I (the Great) encouraged upper-class women to	Wear Western-style clothing and attend cultural events	146
3607163810	New manufacturing under Peter I involved	Heavily forced serf labor	147
3603226131	Catherine II (the Great) rose to power after	Her husband's assassination; granted service aristocracy power over peasantry; accepted Western cultural influence	148
3607131816	Catherine II (the Great) actively defended	The powers of the central monarch	149
3607132276	Catherine II (the Great) used the Pugachev Rebellion as	An excuse to extend the powers of the central government in regional affairs	150
3607106740	Catherine II (the Great) granted power over the peasantry to	Service aristocracy	151
3607132270	Catherine II (the Great) gave new power to	The nobility over their serfs	152
3607128375	Catherine II (the Great) combined	Genuine reform interests with her need to consolidate power as a truly Russian ruler	153
3607190727	Under Catherine II (the Great) nobles	Served a strong central government as bureaucrats and officers	154
3607197009	Under Catherine II (the Great), the harshness of punishments landlords could decree for their serfs	Increased	155
3607198233	Catherine II (the Great) patronized	Western-style art and architecture encouraging leading nobles to tour the West and send their children to be educated there	156
3607201921	Catherine II (the Great) tried to avoid political influence from	The West	157
3613130211	When the French Revolution broke out, Catherine II (the Great)	Tried to prevent Reformist ideas from reaching Russia	158
3613142353	Catherine II tried to prevent French Reformist ideas from reaching Russia by	Quickly blocking out the "seditious" writings of liberals and democrats and censoring Russian reformers	159
3613155879	Catherine II (the Great) pursued the tradition of	Russian expansion	160
3613157762	Catherine II (the Great) resumed campaigns in	The Ottoman Empire	161
3613158697	Catherine II (the Great) won new territory in	Central Asia, including the Crimea, bordering the Black Sea	162
3613163635	Catherine II (the Great) claimed ___ in Russia's name	Alaska	163
3613173499	Catherine II (the Great) pushed Russia's interests into	Europe	164
3613174257	Catherine II (the Great) increased Russian interference in	Polish affairs	165
3613149762	Radishev was	A Russian noble	166
3613150556	Radishev sought	Abolition of serfdom and more liberal political rule	167
3613153239	Radishev was harassed and had his writings banned by	Catherine II (the Great)	168
3603229237	Emelian Pugachev led	Revolts that threatened the throne of Catherine II	169
3607107515	Emelian Pugachev led revolts by	Pretending to be a tsar	170
3613333159	Emelian Pugachev promised	An end to serfdom, taxation, military conscription, and abolition of the landed aristocracy	171
3613334651	Emelian Pugachev's rebellious forces roamed	Southern Russia	172
3603230331	Napoleon Bonaparte		173
3644834073	Along with Isabella of Castile, Ferdinand of Aragon ruled over	The largest Christian kingdoms in Iberia	174
3644941376	Ferdinand of Aragon was responsible for the reconquest of	Granada	175
3644929497	Ferdinand of Aragon married	Isabella of Castile	176
3644933983	Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabella of Castile to	Unite Spain	177
3644946648	Along with Ferdinand of Aragon, Isabella of Castile ruled over	The largest Christian kingdoms in Iberia	178
3644837389	Isabella of Castile ordered	The Jews of her realm to convert or leave the country	179
3644891823	Isabella of Castile's forced out as many as ___ Jews	200,000	180
3644867727	Both Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon sought to	Eliminate the religious and ethnic divisions in their kingdoms	181
3644903147	Christopher Columbus hoped to	Reach the East Indies by sailing westward around the globe	182
3654289395	Bartolome de Las Casas initiated	The struggle for justice for Native Americans	183
3654322943	Hernan Cortes led	An expedition of 600 to coast of Mexico	184
3654323915	Hernan Cortes defeated	The Aztec Empire and its capital, Tenochtitlan	185
3654327626	Moctezuma II was the last	Independent Aztec emperor	186
3654329281	Moctezuma II was killed by	Hernan Cortes in his conquest of the Tenochtitlan	187
3654353011	Francisco Vazquez de Coronado searched for	Mythical cities of gold	188
3654354634	Francisco Vazquez de Coronado led	An expedition into the southwestern United States	189
3654357779	Pedro de Valdivia was a	Spanish conquistador	190
3654359597	Pedro de Valdivia conquered	Araucanian Indians of Chile	191
3654361549	Pedro de Valdivia established	City of Santiago	192
3653026919	Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz was a	Poet, author, musician, and perceptive commentator on her society	193
3653035601	Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz eventually gave up	Secular concerns and her library, at the urging of her superiors, to concentrate on purely spiritual matters	194
3653087546	Pedro Alvares Cabral landed in	Brazil on his way to India	195
3653760058	King Charles I ruled over	Spain	196
3653754761	King Charles I died without	An heir	197
3653758392	Philip of Anjou succeeded	King Charles I	198
3653761157	Philip of Anjou was a	French Bourbon	199
3653755976	Charles III was a	Spanish enlightened Bourbon monarch	200
3653882086	Jose de Galvez was the	Spanish minister of the West Indies and chief architect of colonial reform	201
3653885489	Jose de Galvez moved to	Eliminate Creoles from the upper bureaucracy of the colonies	202
3653889578	Jose de Galvez created	Intendants for local government	203
3653905529	Jose de Galvez exposed	The worst abuses of graft and corruption in Mexico, which implicated the local magistrates, Creole landowners and aristocracy	204
3654032649	Marquis de Pombal was	The prime minister of Portugal	205
3653920218	Marquis de Pombal hoped to	Break England's hold on the Portuguese economy with state intervention in the economy and mercantilism	206
3654040852	Marquis de Pombal disliked and expelled	Jesuits because of their allegiance to Rome and semi-independent control of large areas in Brazil	207
3654053619	Pombal's reforms were aimed at	Eliminating contraband, gold smuggling, and tax evasion	208
3654059719	Pombal formed monopoly companies to	Stimulate agriculture in older plantation zones	209
3654082213	Pombal abolished	Slavery in Portugal to stop the import of slaves there and to ensure a steady supply to Brazil	210
3654085554	Pombal removed Indians from	Missionary control and encouraged whites to marry them because Brazil was vast and needed to be occupied and defended	211
3654095199	Pombal reduced	Portugal's trade imbalance with England	212
3654131109	Tupac Amaru was also known as	Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui	213
3654132781	Tupac Amaru led	An Indian uprising against "bad government"	214
3654136109	Tupac Amaru was a	Mestizo who claimed descent from the Incas	215
3654139520	Tupac Amaru was eventually	Captured and executed	216
3852333796	Francis Xavier was	A Spanish Jesuit missionary	217
3852395141	Robert de Nobili was	An Italian Jesuit	218
3852396304	Robert de Nobili tried to convert	Upper-class Indians by learning several Indian languages, dressing in Indian garments, and practicing Indian customs	219
3852405883	Zhou Yuanzhang was	A military commander of peasant origins	220
3852406523	Zhou Yuanzhang founded	The Ming dynasty	221
3852407826	Zhu Yuanzhang declared himself	Hongwu emperor	222