AP World History Chapter 20 Test Review Flashcards

2174275422	Asante Empire	established in Gold Coast among Akan people settled around Kumasi;dominated by Oyoko clan;many clans linked under Osei Tutu after 1650	0
2174275423	asantehene	title taken by ruler of Asante Empire;supreme civil and religious leader;authority symbolized by Golden stool	1
2174275424	candomble	African religious ideas and practices in Brazil, particulary among the Yoruba people	2
2174275425	Cape Colony	Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 initially to provide a coastal station for the Dutch seaborne empire	3
2174275426	Cape of Good Hope	southern tip of Africa -[first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India]	4
2174275427	Creole slaves	American born descendants of saltwater slaves;result of sexual exploitation of slave women or process of miscegenation	5
2174275428	Dahomey	kingdom developed among Fon or Aja peoples in the 17th century;center at Abomey 70 miles from the coast;unnder King Agaja expanded to control coastline and port of Whydah by 1727;accepted Western goods and firearms in return for African slaves	6
2174275429	El Mina	most important of early Portuguese trading factories in the forest zone of Africa	7
2174275430	factories	Portuguese trading fortresses and compounds with resident merchants;utilized throughout Portuguese trading empire to assure secure landing places and commerce-Fulani pastoral people of western Sudan;adopted purifying Sufi variant of Islam;under Usuman Dan Fodioin 1804, launched revolt against Hausa kingdoms;established state centered on Sokoto	8
2174275431	great trek	movement of Boer settlers in Cape Colony of southern Africa to escape influence of British colonial government in 1834;led to settlement of regions north of Orange River	9
2174275432	Indies piece	term utilized within the complex exchange system established by the Spanish for African trade;referred to the value of an adult male slave	10
2174275433	Lesotho	sothern African state that survived mfecane;not based on Zulu model;less emphasis on military government, less authoritarian government	11
2174275434	Luanda	Portuguese trading factory established in 1520s south of Kongo;became basis for Portuguese colony of Angola	12
2174275435	Luo	Nilotic people who migrated from Upper Nile Valley;established dynasty among existing Bantu population in lake region of central Africa;center at Bunyoro	13
2174275436	mfecane	wars of the 19th century in southern Africa;created by Zulu expansion under Shaka;revolutionized political organization of southern Africa	14
2174275437	Middle Passage	slave voyage from Africa to the Americas (16th to 18th centuries);generally a traumatic experience for black slaves, although it failed to strip Africans of their culture	15
2174275438	Nzinga Mvemba	king of Kongo south of Zaire River from 1507 to 1543;converted to Christianity and took the title of Alfonso I;under Portuguese influence attempted to Christianize all of kingdom	16
2174275439	oba	ruler of Benin	17
2174275440	obeah	African religious ideas and practices in the English and French Caribbean Islands	18
2174275441	Osei Tutu	member of Oyoko clan of Akan peoples in Gold Coast region of Africa;responsible for creating unified Asante Empire;utilized Western firearms	19
2174275442	Palmares	kingdom of runaway slaves with a population of 8,000 to 10,000 people;located in Brazil during the 17th century;leadership was Angolan	20
2174275443	Royal African Company	chartered in 1660s to establish a monopoly over the slave trade among British merchants;supplied African slaves to colonies Barbados, Jamaica, and Virginia	21
2174275444	saltwater slaves	slaves transported from Africa;almost invariably black	22
2174275445	Shaka	a brilliant military tactician who reformed the loose forces into regiments organized by lineage and age;became leader of the Nguni people in 1818	23
2174275446	Sufis	mystics within Islam;[responsible for expansion of Islam to southeastern Asia]	24
2174275447	Suriname	formerly a Dutch plantation colony on the coast of South America;location of runaway slavekingdom in 18th century;able to retain independence despite attempts to crush guerrila resistance	25
2174275448	Swazi	new African state formed on model of Zulu chiefdom;survived mfecane	26
2174275449	triangular trade	commerce linking Africa, the new world colonies, and Europe;slaves carried to America for sugar, and tobacco transorted to Europevodun African religious ideas and practices among descendants of African slaves in Haiti	27
2174275450	William Wilberforce	British statesman and reformer;leader of abolitionist movement in English parliament that led to end of English slave trade in 1807	28
2174275451	The factories could only be established with the cooperation of whom? And why?		29
2174275452	What kind of goods did the Portuguese trade for from the Africans?		30
2174275453	Describe the pattern of African interaction which the Portuguese established for the Dutch, French and English.		31
2174275454	What provided a motivation for a greater slave trade for the Portuguese and the Spanish?		32
2174275456	During what century were most slaves brought to the Americas?		33
2174275457	Why was it necessary to bring so many slaves to the Americas?		34
2174275458	Compare slavery in British North America with the Caribbean.		35
2174275459	African slave trade extended beyond the Atlantic trade. Where else was the African slave trade?		36
2174275462	What was the difference in trans-Saharan and Atlantic slave trade?		37
2174275465	Royal African Company		38
2174275467	Triangular Trade		39
2174275468	Explain why the slave trade was deadly for both the slaves and traders.		40
2174275469	Summarize the argument over the profitability of the slave trade.		41
2174275470	Fill in the sides of the triangular trade:		42
2174275474	Contrast African slave trade with the Atlantic African slave trade.		43
2174275475	Why were Europeans able to quickly engage in the trade of slaves in Africa?		44
2174275478	What role did the division of central and western Africa into small states play in the slave trade? (2)		45
2174275481	What assets did the Asante have that allowed them to remain independent?		46
2174275484	What was the model followed by many Swahili, Indian and Arab merchants?		47
2174275485	What was the economic role of Zanzibar?		48
2174275486	Describe the impact of the Islamic reformist movements on the Sudanese area.		49
2174275489	Great Trek		50
2174275490	Where and why did the Dutch East India Company establish post?		51
2174275491	Who were the Boers? What other name was given to them?		52
2174275494	Mfecane		53
2174275495	What was the impact upon the rest of southern Africa from the rise of Zulu nation?		54
2174275498	What is the estimate for the mortality rate of those captured in the slave trade?		55
2174275501	Middle Passage		56
2174275502	Who did African slaves replace in the English colonies?		57
2174275505	Explain the difference between saltwater slaves and Creole slaves.		58
2174275506	Compare the population makeup of the Caribbean Islands with Brazil and the North America.		59
2174275509	Describe the makeup of the new Afro-American religious culture.		60
2174275510	What new religions were created in the Americas?		61
2174275511	Describe the resistance found in Suriname.		62
2174275514	Give some the reasons for the end of the slave trade and slavery in America.		63
2193364610	1) What was the term utilized for the commercial arrangement by which African slaves were shipped to the Americas, sugar and tobacco were carried to Europe, and European manufactured goods were transported to Africa?		64
2193365066	2) Despite enormous efforts, what did slaves live in?		65
2193365569	3) With whom did the Swahili trading cities do business?		66
2193365570	4) How successful were the Portuguese at disrupting Indian Ocean trade?		67
2193365835	5) While slavery had died out in most of Europe during the Middle Ages, where did it remain?		68
2193366729	6) How did the Portuguese acquire most of their slaves?		69
2193368123	7) What was the Spanish term for a healthy adult male slave?		70
2193368929	8) In 1652, what group established a colony at the Cape of Good Hope?		71
2193369225	9) What area of Africa was least affected by the slave trade?		72
2193369226	10) Please know which type of human was the primary target of trans-Saharan and trans-Atlantic slave trade.		73
2193369572	11) In 1818 who assumed leadership in the Zulu chiefdom of the Nguni people of southern Africa?		74
2193371383	12) What was the result of the political disruption of the Mfecane and the movement of the Zulu?		75
2193371951	13) Why was it necessary to maintain a high volume of slaves to the Americas?		76
2193372522	14) In what century were the largest number of slaves brought across the Atlantic?		77
2193372890	15) How did the profitability of the trans-Atlantic slave trade compare to other business activities?		78
2193372891	16) How did the slave trade help the Asante and Dehomey states in Africa?		79
2193373441	17) What did the Portuguese factories require in order to operate?		80
2193373442	18) Which was the most important of the Portuguese factories?		81
2193373919	19) Which of the European countries was the first to establish contact with sub-Saharan Africa?		82
2193375096	20) What was the main African contribution to the Columbian Exchange?		83
2193375929	21) What was the average mortality rate for slaves shipped to the Americas in the Atlantic slave trade?		84
2193376465	22) What was the slave voyage to the Americas called?		85
2193377133	23) Why did the British colonies depend less on imported Africans?		86
2193377789	24) Wherever slaves were used, what was the reaction of the slaves?		87
2193378223	25) Give four aspects of the model established by the Portuguese in Africa.		88
2193379274	26) Give four aspects that contributed to the development of large kingdoms in Africa.		89
2193379801	27) What can be said about the role of economics and the abolition of the slave trade?		90
2193380317	28) You must be able to recognize the following places on a map: Kongo, Benin, Songhay, Mombasa, Cape of Good Hope, El Mina, Nile River, Portugal, Madagascar		91
2193380318	29) Be able to answer the following short answer: Describe the structure of the Atlantic slave trade. Consider the volume of slaves by century, the places to which slaves were shipped, and the origins of slaves within Africa.		92
2193380468	30) Be able to identify the following dates on a timeline: Portuguese import first slaves directly from Africa, Dutch establish colony at Cape of Good Hope, slave uprising in Haiti, and Cape colony comes under British control.		93